OIA Muscles Exam

The OIA of the muscles for May 16 exam

Biceps Brachii: Long Head

O- Scapula; Supraglenoid tubercle

I- Raidus; Radial Tuberosity

A- Shoulder Flexion, Elbow Flexion (primary), Forearm Supination

Brachialis

O- Anterior Humerus

I- Ulnar Tuberosity & Coronoid Process of the Ulna

A- Elbow Flexion

Coracobrachialis

O- Coracoid Process of the scapula

I- Medial Humerus

A- Shoulder Adduction & Flexion

Deltoid

O- Lateral Clavicle, Acromion, & Spine of the scapula

I- Humerus; Deltoid Tuberosity

A- Shoulder Abduction

Teres Minor (rotator cuff)

O- Lateral border of the scapula

I- Humerus; Greater Tubercle (passes posterior to joint)

A- Shoulder Lateral Rotation & Shoulder Adduction

Supraspinatus (rotator cuff)

O- Scapula; Supraspinous Fossa

I- Humerus; Greater Tubercle

A- Shoulder Abduction

Infraspinatus (rotator cuff)

O- Scapula; Infraspinous Fossa

I- Humerus; Greater Tubercle (passes posterior to joint)

A- Shoulder Lateral Rotation & Shoulder Adduction

Subscapularis (rotator cuff)

O- Subscapular Fossa

I- Humerus; Lesser Tubercle (passes medially/anteriorly thru joint)

A- Shoulder medial rotation

Teres Major

O- Inferior Angle of the scapula & Lateral Border of the scapula

I- Humerus; Lesser Tubercle (passes medially/anteriorly thru joint

A- Shoulder extension, adduction, & medial rotation

Pectoralis Major

O- Medial Clavicle, Sternum, & Costal Cartilage 1-6

I- Humerus; Intertubercular Groove

A- Shoulder adduction, medial rotation, & flexion

Pectoralis Minor

O- Anterior Ribs (3-5)

I- Coracoid Process of the scapula

A- Scapula depression, downward rotation, & protraction

Brachioradialis

O- Humerus; Lateral Supracondylar Ridge of humerus

I- Styloid Process of the radius

A- Elbow flexion, & Forearm supination/pronation

FYI: Brachioradialis resits supination/pronation in “neutral” forearm position (i.e. if elbows are flexed, thumbs pointing up); it will not merely brings the forearm to neutral, not past (towards full supination or pronation)

Triceps Brachii

O- Scapula; Infraglenoid Tubercle & Posterior Humerus

I- Olecranon Process of the ulna

A- Elbow extension & Shoulder extension

Supinator

O- Lateral Epicondyle of the humerus

I- Anterior Proximal Radius (passes lateral to the radiohumeral joint)

A- Forearm supination

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

O- Lateral Epicondyle of the humerus

I- (Posterior) Base of the 2nd & 3rd metacarpals

A- Wrist extension & Radial deviation

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

O- Lateral Epicondyle of the humerus

I- (Posterior) Base of the 2nd & 3rd metacarpals

A- Wrist extension & Radial deviation

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

O- Lateral Epicondyle of the humerus

I- (Posterior) Base of the 5th metacarpal

A- Wrist extension & Ulnar deviation

Extensor Digitorum (UE)

O- Lateral Epicondyle of the humerus

I- (Posterior) 2nd to 5th middle & distal phalanges

A- 2nd to 5th metacarpophalangeal & interphalangeal joint extension

Pronator Quadratus

O- (Anterior) Distal Ulna

I- (Anterior) Distal Radius

A- Forearm pronation

Pronator Teres

O- Medial Epicondyle of the humerus & Coronoid Process of the ulna

I- Lateral mid-radius

A- Forearm pronation

Flexor Carpi Radialis

O- Medial Epicondyle of the humerus

I- (Anterior) base of the 2nd & 3rd metacarpals

A- Wrist flexion & Radial deviation

Palmaris Longus

O- Medial Epicondyle of the humerus

I- Palmar Aponeurosis

A- Wrist flexion

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (UE)

O- Medial Epicondyle of the humerus

I- 2nd to 5th middle phalanges (crosses anterior to the joint)

A- Flexion of 2nd to 5th metacarpophalangeal & proximal interphalangeal joint

Flexor Digitorum Profundus (UE)

O- Anterior Ulna

I- (Anterior) 2nd to 5th distal phalanges

A- Flexion of 2nd to 5th metacarpophalangeal & proximal interphalangeal joints

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

O- Medial Epicondyle of the humerus

I- ( Anterior) Medial Carpals ( hook of hamate, pisiform, base of 5th metacarpal)

A- Wrist flexion & Ulnar deviation

Serratus Anterior

O- Lateral surface of ribs 1-8

I- Medial Border of scapula (anterior)

A- Scapula protraction, upward rotation, & depression

Latissimus Dorsi

O- Posterior Iliac Crest & Spinous processes of throacic & lumbar vertebrae

I- Intertubercular Groove of the humerus

A- Shoulder extension, adduction, & medial rotation

Rhomboid Major (inferior to rhomboid minor)

O- Spinous processes (C7-T5)

I- Medial Border of the scapula

A- Scapula retraction & elevation

Rhomboid Minor (superior to rhomboid major)

O- Spinous processes (C7-T5)

I- Medial Border of the scapula

A- Scapula retraction & elevation

Levator Scapulae

O- Transverse Processes (C1-C4)

I- Superior Angle of the scapula

A- Scapula elevation & downward rotation, Cervical ipsilateral rotation & ipsilateral lateral bending

(Ipsilateral-bending to the same side as the muscle)

Trapezius

O- External occipital protuberance & Spinous processes C1-T12

I- Lateral clavicle, acromion of the scapula, and spine of the scapula

A- Cervical extension, (ipsilateral) lateral bending, contralateral rotation; Scapula elevation, depression, retraction

(contralateral-turning to the opposite side as the muscle)

Sternocliedomastoid

O- Manubrium and Medial clavicle

I- Mastoid process and Lateral occiput

A- Cervical (ipsilateral) lateral bending and contralateral rotation

Anterior Scalene

O- Transverse processes C3-C6

I- 1st Rib

A- (Ipsilateral) lateral bending

Middle Scalenes

O- Transverse processes C2-C7

I- 1st Rib

A- (Ipsilateral) lateral bending

Posterior Scalenes

O- Transverse processes C6-C7

I- 2nd Rib

A- (Ipsilateral) lateral bending

Splenius Capitus

O- Ligamentum Nuchae and Spinous processes of C7-T4

I- Mastoid Process and Occipital Bone

A- Cervical extension and ipsilateral rotation

Splenius Cervicis

O- Upper thoracic spinous processes

I- Upper cervical transverse processes

A- Cervical extension and ipsilateral rotation

Suboccipitals

O- C1-C2

I- Occiput and C1

A- Head; extension, (ipsilateral) lateral bending, and ipsilateral rotation

Rectus Abdominis

O- Pubic symphysis and Pubic crest

I- Xiphoid process and Costal cartilage of ribs 5-7

A- Trunk flexion

Semispinalis Capitis (apart of transversospinales group)

O- Lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae: Transverse processes

I- Occiput

A- Vertebrae extension and contralateral rotation

Multifidi Group (apart of transversospinales group)

O- Sacrum; Cervical through lumbar vertebrae: Transverse processes

I- Spinous process of vertebrae 2-4 vertebrae above origin

A- Vertebrae extension and contralateral rotation

Biceps Brachii: Short Head

O- Scapula; Coracoid Process

I- Radius; Radial Tuberosity

A- Shoulder Flexion, Elbow Flexion, Forearm Supination

Rotatores Group (apart of transversospinales group)

O- Cervical through lumbar vertebrae: Transverse processes

I- Spinous process of vertebrae 1-2 vertebrae above origin

A- Vertebrae extension and contralateral rotation

Masseter

O- None

I- None

A- Close mouth (elevate the mandible)

Temporalis

O- None

I- None

A- Closes mouth

Medial Pterygoid

O- None

I- None

A- Closes mouth

Lateral Pterygoid

O- None

I- None

A- Closes mouth

Diaphragm

O- Inner surface of lower ribs, lumbar vertebrae, and sternum

I- None

A- Increases size of the thoracic cage during inhalation (by flattening)

External Oblique

O- Lateral lower ribs

I- Anterior iliac crest and abdominal aponeurosis

A- Trunk; flexion, contralateral rotation, (ipsilateral) lateral bending

Internal Oblique

O- Iliac Crest and Thorocolumbar Fascia

I- Anterior lower ribs, and abdominal aponeurosis

A- Trunk; flexion, ipsilateral rotation, and (ipsilateral) lateral bending

Transverse Abdominis

O- Lower ribs, Iliac crest, and Thoracolumbar fascia

I- Abdominal aponeurosis

A- Compresses abdomen

Erector Spinae Group- (made up of spinalis group (cervicis, thoracis), longissimus group (capitis, cervicis, thoracis), and ilocostalis group (cervicis, thoracis, lumborum)

Group O- Vertebrae: spinous processes and transverse processes, posterior ribs, posterior pelvis

Group I- Mastoid process, posterior ribs, and vertebrae superior to origin: spinous processes and transverse processes

Group A- Vertebrae extension and (ipsilateral) lateral bending

Serratus Posterior Superior

O- Upper thoracic vertebrae: spinous processes

I- Posterior upper ribs (ribs 2-5)

A- Elevates ribs during inhalation

Serratus Posterior Inferior

O- Lumbar vertebrae: spinous processes

I- Posterior lower ribs

A- Depresses ribs during exhalation

External Intercostals

O- Rib

I- Rib below origin

A- Elevates ribs

Internal Intercostals

O- Rib

I- Rib below origin

A- Depress ribs

Quadratus Lumborum

O- Posterior iliac crest

I- 12th rib, and Lumbar: transverse processes

A- Lumbar: (ipsilateral) lateral bending (or trunk lateral bending)

Iliopsoas (iliacus and psoas major)

O- Lumbar bodies, lumbar transverse processes, iliac fossa

I- Femur: Lesser trochanter

A- Hip flexion

Rectus Femoris (quadriceps)

O- AIIS (anterior inferior iliac spine)

I- Tibial tuberosity

A- Knee extension, Hip flexion

Vastus Intermedius (quadriceps)

O- Anterior shaft of the femur

I- Tibial tuberosity

A- Knee extension

Vastus Lateralis ( quadriceps)

O- Femur: Lateral linea aspera and Greater trochanter

I- Tibial tuberosity

A- Knee extension

Vastus Medialis (quadriceps)

O- Femur: Medial linea aspera

I- Tibial Tuberosity

A- Knee extension

Sartorius

O- ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine)

I- Proximal, medial tibia

A- Hip: flexion, lateral rotation, and abduction; Knee flexion

Gluteus Maximus

O- Coccyx, Sacrum, Posterior iliac crest

I- Femur: Gluteal tuberosity; Iliotibial tract (connective tissue)

A- Hip: hyperextension, lateral rotation, and abduction

(lower fibers also adduct)

Gluteus Medius

O- Ilium: Gluteal surface

I- Femur: Greater trochanter

A- Hip abduction

(anterior fibers can also flex and medially rotate hip; posterior fibers can also extend and laterally rotate hip)

Gluteus Minimus

O- Ilium: Gluteal surface

I- Femur: Greater trochanter

A- Hip abduction and medial rotation

Tensor Fasciae Latae

O- Iliac crest

I- Iliotibial tract (connective tissue)

A- Hip flexion, medial rotation, and abduction

Piriformis

O- Anterior surface of sacrum

I- Femur: Greater trochanter

A- Hip lateral rotation and abduction

Adductor Brevis

O- Pubis: Inferior ramus

I- Femur: Linea aspera

A- Hip adduction and medial rotation

Adductor Longus

O- Pubis: Pubic tubercle

I- Femur: Linea aspera

A- Hip adduction and medial rotation

Adductor Magnus

O- Pubis: Inferior ramus; Ischial tuberosity

I- Femur: Linea aspera, and adductor tubercle

A- Hip adduction and medial rotation

Gracilis

O- Pubis: Inferior ramus

I- Proximal, medial tibia

A- Hip adduction and medial rotation; Knee flexion

Pectineus

O- Pubis: Pectineal line

I- Femur: Pectineal line

A- Hip adduciton and medial rotation

Biceps Femoris (hamstrings)

O- Ischial tuberosity; Femur: linea aspera

I- Head of the fibula

A- Knee flexion and Hip extension

Semimembranosus (hamstrings)

O- Ischial tuberosity

I- Tibia: Posterior medial condyle

A- Knee flexion and hip extension

Semitendinosus (hamstrings)

O- Ischial tuberosity

I- Proximal, medial tibia

A- Knee flexion and hip extension

Gastrocnemius

O- Femur: medial condyle (posterior); Femur: lateral condyle (posterior)

I- Calcaneus (via the Achilles tendon)

A- Ankle plantarflexion and knee flexion

Soleus

O- Posterior tibia (proximal) and head of the fibula

I- Calcaneus (via the Achilles tendon)

A- Ankle plantarflexion

Tibialis Posterior

O- Interosseous membrane (posterior)

I- Tarsals, and Metatarsals (2nd-4th)

A- Ankle plantarflexion and inversion

Flexor Digitorum Longus

O- Posterior Tibia

I- 2nd to 5th distal phalanges (plantar surface)

A- Toes 2-5: Flexion

Flexor Hallucis Longus

O- Posterior Fibula

I- 1st distal phalanx (plantar surface)

A- Hallux flexion

Peroneus aka (Fibularis) Brevis

O- Lateral Fibula (distal)

I- Tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal

A- Ankle eversion

Peroneus aka (Fibularis) Longus

O- Head of the fibula and lateral fibula (proximal)

I- Base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

A- Ankle eversion

Tibialis Anterior

O- Tibia: Lateral condyle, and lateral tibial shaft

I- Base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

A- Ankle inversion and dorsiflexion (invert the foot)

Extensor Digitorum Longus (LE)

O- Interosseous membrane (anterior)

I- 2nd to 5th middle and distal phalanges (dorsum)

A- Toes 2-5 extension; Ankle dorsiflexion

Extensor Hallucis Longus

O- Interosseous membrane

I- 1st distal phalanx (dorsum)

A- Hallux extension and Ankle dorsiflexion