Module 10: The Demographic Transition Model

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the demographic and epidemiological transition models and their implications for population dynamics.

Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

A theory that summarizes how birth rates and death rates change over time as a country develops from preindustrial to industrialized societies.

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

The number of live births per 1,000 people in a given year.

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

The number of deaths per 1,000 people in a given year.

Rate of Natural Increase (RNI)

The difference between the Crude Birth Rate and Crude Death Rate, indicating population growth.

Stage 1 of DTM

High stationary stage characterized by high birth and death rates, resulting in slow population growth.

Stage 2 of DTM

Early expanding stage with high birth rates and rapidly decreasing death rates, leading to population explosion.

Stage 3 of DTM

Late expanding stage where birth rates decline rapidly, leading to decreasing growth.

Stage 4 of DTM

Low stationary stage where birth and death rates are low, resulting in slow population growth.

Stage 5 of DTM

Stage marked by declining total population due to death rates outpacing birth rates.

Demographic Dividend

The economic benefit that can arise from shifts in a population's age structure, often allowing for more focus on education and economic development.

Epidemiological Transition Model

A model explaining how improvements in socioeconomic and health conditions lead to changes in disease patterns, transitioning from infectious to chronic diseases.

Age of Pestilence and Famine

The first phase of epidemiological transition characterized by high death rates from infectious diseases and famine.

Age of Receding Pandemics

The second phase of epidemiological transition with declining death rates due to improvements in sanitation and health.

Age of Degenerative and Human-Made Diseases

The third phase where chronic and degenerative diseases become the primary causes of death, often affecting older populations.

COVID-19 Pandemic

A global pandemic that started in December 2019, associated with the novel coronavirus, significantly impacting health systems worldwide.

Nonlinear Progression in DTM

The concept that countries may revert to earlier stages in the demographic transition model due to events like war or health crises.

Accelerated Progression in DTM

When a country quickly transitions through demographic stages, sometimes skipping stages due to rapid policy impacts.

Natural Decrease

A situation where the number of deaths exceeds the number of births in a population.