BMS212 Module 1

Do eukaryotic flagella provide motility by simply spinning clockwise or counter clockwise?

no

microtubules are a major part of eukaryotic flagella, what else are they involved in?

spindle fibers

What provides structure support for the nucleus?

microfilaments

The SER is associated with the RER. What does it do?

lipid synthesis

where does protein synthesized in the ER and destined to be secreted go next..

the golgi

Which biochemical reaction happens in the matrix of mitochondria

krebs cycle

If the mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells resulted from endosymbiosis, what features might we expect these organelles to contain?

plasma membrane, DNA, and ribosomes

Where do humans get nitrogen from?

bacteria

Where do humans get carbon from?

photosynthesis

Which group contains most of the fungi we are interested in ?

Ascomycota

Some protists and fungi are unicellular. Are they prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

eukaryotic

How many nuclei are in a  coenocytic cell?

there is no good answer to this question

fungi just refers to mushrooms, right?

no

Miasma Theory

The idea that disease was caused by “bad air” or decomposing matter.

Robert Hooke

Observed cork cells under a microscope

Anton Von Leeuwenhoek

The first to develop a lens powerful enough to view microbes. He observed single celled organisms that we now know to have been bacteria and protists

Edward Jenner

Managed to vaccinate against smallpox using material from cowpox lesions

John Snow

Demonstrated that cholera bacteria was transmitted via drinking water

Florence Nightingale

Epidemiology; Crimean War

Louis Pasteur

airborne microorganisms in cotton filter; disproved spontaneous generation; developed pasteurization

Joseph Lister

Germ Theory; required surgeons to wear gloves, wash their hands and instruments pre-op and spray operating rooms with 5% carbolic acid

Ignaz Semmelweis

Proposed use of a chlorinated solution to wash hands between patients

Robert Koch

The first to demonstrate the connection between a single microbe and a known human disease

Alexander Fleming

Discovered penicillin in 1928

Selmen Waksman

Isolation of streptomycin, the first antibiotic to treat TB; Standard protocols for isolating antimicrobials from the soil bacteria, it is from this that antibiotics are made

Lynn Margulis

Endosymbiotic theory

Endosymbiotic Theory

The idea that a larger prokaryotic organism swallowed/engulfed a second, smaller prokaryotic organism, creating organelles and mitochondrial DNA

Taxonomy

The classification, description, identification, and naming of living organisms.

Phylogeny

The evolutionary relationships between species. Commonly shown through a “tree of life” where species thought to be closely related are grouped together

Binomial Nomenclature

A naming system using two words to identify organisms by genus and species

Whittaker System of Classification

A five-kingdom tree that contained a subkingdom level to distinguish between prokaryotes, organisms without a membrane bound nuclei, and eukaryotes, organisms that do contain a membrane bound nucleus. It also contained a fifth kingdom for fungi

Woese-Fox System

A genetics-based system that distinguished between differences in RNA. In doing this they discovered archaea, a type of bacteria that is different from other bacteria and eukaryotes. They then created a tree with three domains above the level of kingdom

Properties of light

Wavelength, amplitude (height of waves), frequency (# of waves)