Neonatal Care

Everything babies! :)

Define neonatology

medicine branched on the care of the first 4 weeks of a puppy or kittens life

What days are the most important/critical for kittens/puppies?

first 14 days

How do we check the hydration status of neonates?

check oral mucous membranes/concentration of urine

What color is the oral mucous membranes when neonates are dehydrated?

yellow

What should the ventral abdominal skin look like? What can it mean when its cyanosis or dark red?

it should be dark pink, when its cyanosis it’s blue, and dark red is sepsis

Where is it abnormal for neonates to have discharge?

orifices (nose or anus)

Cesarean is the medical term for what?

C-Section

What are the motor skills neonates learn in the first week landmarks?

Lift head, Crawl, Suckle, Vocalize, and Purr

Neonates lift their head by how many days?

3 days

neonates are able to crawl in how many weeks?

1 week

Neonatal isoerythrolysis occurs with type __ queens who nurse type _ kittens.

B queens; A kittens

During neonatal isoerythrolysis how long are the kittens allowed to be away from mom?

24 hours

What can overfeeding a neonate cause?

diarrhea

What can underfeeding a neonate cause?

dehydration and lack of weight gain

What always needs to be done when making sure we are caring for the right neonate and how they’re doing?

proper ID and 2x day weight recording

What is the first indication of the failure for a neonate to thrive?

weight loss

What are some clinical signs of a neonate being in critical conditions?

anorexia, lethargy, emaciation, birth defects, still birth, death

What could be some causes of a neonate being in a critical condition?

poor management, malnutrition, inappropriate environmental conditions, congenital/genetic defects, and/or infections

What type of milk is not a great replacement for neonates? Why?

goat/cow milk; low in fat/protein and lactose is too high

If lactose in milk is too high, what GI issue can a neonate get?

diarrhea

When do we tube feed a neonate?

won’t nurse, poor suckle, not gaining weight

What is the only clinical sign in neonatal isoerythrolysis?

icterus/death in the first 2 days of life

What is the most common cause of seizures in neonates?

hypoglycemia

All fluids should be warmed to what temp before administering them in a neonate?

98-99F

How many punctures per bone are allowed with fluids for a neonate?

one puncture per bone

What is the maintenance dose for fluids in a neonate?

6mL/kg/hour

How do we find the deficit for fluids with neonates? What % is added over how many hours?

body weight x % dehydrated; 50% of deficit added over 6 hours

Rapid rewarming can be ______ in neonates.

fatal

When a neonates body temp is between 78-85, what signs of hypothermia do we see?

lethargic, uncoordinated, still responsive, no abdominal sounds, RR - 20-25 bpm, HR - >50 bpm

What happens to a neonate’s gut motility when they have a decrease in body temp?

gut motility slows down

What is the temperature of hypothermia in a neonate who was just born?

less than 94F

What is the temperature range for hypothermia in a neonate who is 1-3 days of age?

less than 96F

What is the temperature range for hypothermia in a neonate who is less than 1 wk of age?

less than 99F

What types of neonatal illnesses require immediate attention?

hypothermia, dehydration, hypoglycemia, neonatal isoerythrolysis, and/or malnutrition

What kind of collection tubes should we consider when getting blood from a neonate?

avian collection tubes

What urinalysis do we want to avoid when getting urine from a neonate?

avoid cystocentesis

What are the motor skills neonates learn in the second week development landmarks?

begin to crawl, body temp rises towards adult levels, double in birth weight, and eyes/ear canals open

What size bell do we use on our pediatric stethoscope when examining neonates?

2-cm bell

What should our digital thermometers measure for neonates?

as low as 85F

The clinical signs of hypothermia in neonates are in what three areas of temp drops?

lower than 88F, 78-85F, and below 70F

What temp should neonates be in their first week?

84-90F

What temp should neonates be in their second week of life?

79-84F

What temp should neonates be in their third week of life?

73.4-79F