Antimicrobial Drugs & Viruses to Know

Penicillin and Cephalosporin

• inhibits cell wall synthesis

• B-lactam ring

B-lactam Ring

prevents peptide bond formation between NAG and NAM in bacteria cell walls

Vancomycin

• not affected by B-lactamase enzyme

• treats MRSA

Teixobactin

• works against gram positive bacteria

• targets cell wall

Isoniazid

• inhibits mycolic acid synthesis

• targets cell wall

Chloramphenicol

• inhibitor of protein synthesis

• binds to 50S subunit to prevent peptide bond formation

Macrolides

• inhibitor of protein synthesis

• binds to 50S subunit to inhibit peptide elongation

Erythromycin

• inhibitor of protein synthesis

• binds to 50S subunit

Aminoglycosides

• inhibitor of protein synthesis

• binds to 30S subunit causing misreading

Streptomycin

• inhibitor of protein synthesis

• binds to 30S subunit causing misreading

Tetracyclines

• inhibitor of protein synthesis

• binds to 30S subunit preventing tRNA from binding

Sulfanilamide

• antimetabolite

• structural analog of PABA

• stops folic acid synthesis

Trimethoprim

• antimetabolite

• synthetic antibiotic

• binds to and competes with substrate for DHFR

Ciprofloxacin

• inhibitor of DNA replication

• inhibits topoisomerases

Rifamycin

• inhibitor of transcription

• inhibits RNA Polymerase

Polyenes

• antifungal drugs

• bind to sterol and disrupt cell membrane

• Nystain

• Amphotericin B

Nystain

• polyene

• most used antifungal drug

Amphotericin B

• polyene

• produced by streptomyces

Azoles

• prevent egrosterol synthesis

• imidazoles

• triazole

Imidazoles

• azole

• topical

• treats cutaneous mycoses

Triazole

• azole

• treats systemic fungal infection

Griseofulvin

• antifungal drug

• produced by penicillium

• inhibits microtubule formation

Anti-Protozoa Drugs

• chloroquine

• metronidazole

Chloroquine

• anti-protozoa drug

• treats malaria

Metronidazole

• anti-protozoa drug

• treats anaerobic infections

• entamoeba and trichomonas infections treated

AZT

• antiviral drug

• used against HIV

• RT inhibitor

Ritonavir

• antiviral drug

• used against HIV

• protease inhibitor

Tamiflu

• antiviral drug

• treats Type A and Type B

Acyclovir

• antiviral drug

• structural analog of guanine

• treats herpes and shingles

Epstein-Barr Virus

• double stranded DNA

• Burkitt’s lymphoma

• nasophayrngeal carcinoma

Hepatitis C

• single stranded RNA

• liver cancer

HPV

• double stranded DNA

• cervical cancer

Human T-cell Virus

• single stranded RNA

• retrovirus

• t-cell leukemia