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What is the difference between anaerobic and aerobic?
No oxygen is needed or used in the process
Process needs/uses oxygen
Is the Krebs cycle anaerobic/aerobic?
aerobic
Is glycolysis anaerobic/aerobic?
anaerobic
Is the electron transport chain anaerobic/aerobic?
aerobic
Is lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation anaerobic/aerobic?
Anaerobic
What are the stages of cellular respiration and what order do they occur in?
1. Glycolysis
2. Krebs cycle
3. Electron Transport Chain
Where does glycolysis occur?
in cytoplasm (outside of mitochondria)
Where does the Krebs cycle occur?
mitochondrial matrix
Where does electron transport chain occur?
inner membrane of mitochondria
What are the reactants and products of glycolysis?
reactants: 1 glucose and 2 ATP
products: 2 pyruvate and 2 NADH
What are the reactants and products of the krebs cycle?
reactants: 2 pyruvate molecules (one per turn)
products: 6 CO2, 8 NADH, 2 FADH2 (2 ATP?) (half per one turn)
What are the reactants and products of the electron transport chain?
Reactants: NADH, FADH2, O2
Products: H2O, 26-38 ATP
When does glucose enter glycolysis?
First step, starts it all
When do the 2 ATP enter glycolysis?
before the intermediate C molecule
When does the 2 NADH exit in glycolysis?
After intermediate C molecule, 2 NAD+ enters and 2 NADH exits.
When does the 2 pyruvate exit in glycolysis?
at the very end
When does pyruvate enter the Krebs Cycle?
1 pyruvate enters at the very beginning (repeats = one spin)
When does 3 CO2 exit the Krebs Cycle?
right after pyruvate enters, after citric acid, and after first NAD+ to NADH transformation
When does 4 NADH exit the Krebs Cycle?
right after pyruvate enters, after second CO2, after 3rd CO2, after FAD.
All after NAD+ enters
When does 1 FADH2 exit the Krebs Cycle?
After 1st ATP release. FAD enters
When does NADH enter the electron transport chain?
In complex 1
When does FADH2 enter the electron transport chain?
In complex 2
When does O2 enter the electron transport chain?
In compex 4, it enters and become H2O
When does H2O exit the electron transport chain?
In complex 4, after O2 enters and it becomes H2O
When does ATP exit the electron transport chain?
in the ATP Synthase.
What product from glycolysis becomes a reactant in the Krebs cycle?
Pyruvate
What product from the Krebs cycle becomes a reactant in the electron transport chain?
NADH and FADH2
What are the steps of glycolysis?
1. glucose enters
2. 2 ATPs enter and leave as ADP
3. There is an intermediate carbon molecule
4. 2 NAD+ enter and 2 NADH exit
4 ADP enter and 4 ATP exit
5. 2 pyruvates are made
What are the steps of the first part of the Krebs cycle?
1. Pyruvate enters
2. CO2 exits
3. NAD+ enters, gets charged, and leaves as NADH
4. CoA enters
5. acetyl CoA is made
What happens in the main part of the Krebs cycle?
1. Acetyl CoA will become citric acid
2. CO2 will be released
3. NAD+ will enter, NADH will exit
4. CO2 released
5. NAD+ enters, NADH releases
6. ADP enters, ATP leaves
7. FAD enters, FADH2 exits
8. NAD enter, NADH exits
Process repeats twice with the 2 pyruvate
What happens in the electron transport chain?
1. NADH enters complex 1 and passes electrons through complex 1, 2, 3, and 4. H+ are pumped through (using energy)
2. FADH2 enters complex 2 and passes electrons through 2, 3, and 4
3. Oxygen enters complex 4, accepts electrons and leaves as H2O
4. For evey 3 H+ pumped through the ATP synthase, 1 ATP is made
What complexes in the electron transport chain does H+ move through?
Complex 1, 3, and 4
Total vs net amount of ATP made in glycolysis?
4 ATP
2 ATP
How much ATP is made in the Krebs Cycle?
1 ATP
What is the main goal of the Krebs Cycle?
make majority of electron carriers for the Electron Transport Chain
What is the range of ATP (#) made the Electron Transport Chain?
26-38
What is the job of oxygen and where does it enter in cellular respiration?
It is the last electron accept in the ETC and it bonds with the electrons (hydrogen ions) to form H2O.
Enters in complex 4 of ETC
How much ATP is made in the entire process of cellular respiration?
32-42
Review notes that show how the number of ATP is produced
How do photosynthesis and cellular respiration relate to each other?
The oxygen and glucose made in photosynthesis are used in cell respiration. The carbon dioxide and water produced in cellular respiration are then used in photosynthesis to create glucose and oxygen. The cycle then repeats!
What is the equation for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy (ATP) 6
Why does fermentation occur?
In the absence of oxygen, fermentation releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP.
What are the two types of fermentation?
Lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation
When would Lactic acid fermentation occur?
When oxygen is not present.
When humans aren't breathing in enough oxygen when working out.
When would alcoholic fermentation occur?
When oxygen is not present
In yeast or other bacteria
To help make alcohol
What are the reactants and products of lactic acid fermentation?
Reactants: pyruvate, NADH
Products: lactic acid, NAD+
What are the reactants and products of alcoholic fermentation?
Reactants: pyruvate, NADH
Products: ethyl alcohol, CO2, and NAD+
How much ATP is made in one cycle of fermentation (lactic acid and alcoholic)
2 ATP
2 ATP
Which stage from cellular respiration will still occur in fermentation?
Glycolysis
What is the goal of fermentation and of glycolysis during fermentation?
To continue making releasing food energy without oxygem
To keep making ATP
