IMMUNIZATION

EXPANDED PROGRAM ON IMMUNIZATION

to ensure that infants/children and mothers have access to routinely recommended infant/childhood vaccines.

EXPANDED PROGRAM ON IMMUNIZATION

To reduce the morbidity and mortality among children against the most common vaccine-preventable diseases.

Republic Act No. 10152

Mandatory Infants and Children Health Immunization Act of 2011

Republic Act No. 10152 “Mandatory Infants and Children Health Immunization Act of 2011”

Signed by President Benigno Aquino III on July 26, 2010. The mandatory includes basic immunization for children under 5 including other types that will be determined by the Secretary of Health.

Republic Act No. 7846

provided for compulsory immunization against hepatitis B for infants and children below 8 years old and hepatitis B immunization within 24 hours after birth of babies of women with hepatitis B

NATURALLY ACQUIRED PASSIVE IMMUNITY

ARTIFICIALLY ACQUIRES PASSIVE IMMUNITY

NATURALLY ACQUIRED ACTIVE IMMUNITY

ARTIFICIALLY ACQUIRES ACTIVE IMMUNITY

TYPES OF IMMUNITY

NATURALLY ACQUIRED PASSIVE IMMUNITY

occurs when maternal IgG antibodies pass to the fetus during pregnancy, transferring immunity from mother to child.

ARTIFICIALLY ACQUIRES PASSIVE IMMUNITY

protection acquired by giving a person an injection or transfusion of antibodies made by someone else.

NATURALLY ACQUIRED ACTIVE IMMUNITY

occurs when a person is exposed to a live pathogen, develops the disease, and then becomes immune by producing their own antibodies and memory cells.

• Ex. is recovering from measles, which provides long-lasting protection against future infection

ARTIFICIALLY ACQUIRES ACTIVE IMMUNITY

protection developed by deliberately exposing a person to antigens through vaccination.

• Ex. is the hepatitis B vaccine, which stimulates immunity without causing disease

LIVE ATTENUATED VACCINES

INACTIVATED VACCINES

TOXOID VACCINES

VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES

CONJUGATE VACCINES

TYPES OF VACCINE

LIVE ATTENUATED VACCINES

use weakened whole bacteria or viruses to trigger strong, lasting immunity without causing disease in healthy people

LIVE ATTENUATED VACCINES

not recommended for individuals with weakened immune systems, as the weakened pathogens may multiply excessively and cause illness.

INACTIVATED VACCINES

use killed or altered bacteria or viruses that cannot replicate or cause disease, making them safe even for people with weak immune systems.

INACTIVATED VACCINES

produce a weaker or shorter immune response compared to live vaccines.

TOXOID VACCINES

use inactivated toxins from bacteria, which are safe but still trigger a strong immune response to protect against the harmful effects of those toxins.

VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES

are non-infectious molecules that mimic viruses but contain no genetic material, making them safe for use in vaccines. They trigger a strong immune response

CONJUGATE VACCINES

join a weak bacterial polysaccharide to a strong protein, such as diphtheria or tetanus toxoid, to boost the immune response and protect against disease

Completely immunized children

refer to children who completed their immunization schedule at the age of 12-23 months (DOH-IMS, 2011)

child is considered fully immunized

when he/she has received one dose of BCG, three doses of DPT and hepatitis B (3 doses of pentavalent) and OPV each and one dose of measles by the age of 12 months.

Child protected at birth (CPAB)

describe a child whose mother has received two doses of TT during pregnancy ,provided that the second dose is given at least one month prior to delivery or at least 3 doses of TT vaccine anytime prior to pregnancy with this child.(DOH-IMS, 2011)

BACILLUS CALMETTE GUERIN

• Contents: Live , attenuated bacteria 

• Dose: .05 ml 

• Route and site: Intradermal/Right deltoid 

• Protection of TB infections and meningitis 

HEPATITIS B

• Contents: RNA-recombinant, using hepatitis B surface antigen 

• Dose: .5 ml 

• Route and site :Intramuscular/Upper outer of the thigh 

• Protection of Hepatitis B 

Diphtheria

Toxoid

Pertussis

inactivated pertussis bacteria

Tetanus

toxioid, recombinant DNA surface antigen, synthetic conjugate of Haemophilus influenza B Bacilli

DPT (DIPHTHERIA, PERTUSSIS, AND TETANUS), HEPA B, HIB (PENTAVALENT)

• Dose: .5 ml 

• Route and site: Intramuscular/Upper outer of the thigh 

• Protection of Hepatitis B, Hemophilus influenza, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus

ORAL POLIO VACCINE

• Contents: Live attenuated virus 

• Dose: 2-3 gtts 

• Route and site :Oral/mouth 

• Protection of Polio:

  • Instruct the caregiver NPO for 30 minutes after administration

INACTIVATED POLIO

• Dose: .5ml 

• Route and site :Intramuscular/Upper outer of the thigh

MEASLES, MUMPS, RUBELLA

• Contents; live attenuated viruses 

• Dose: .5ml 

• Route and site :subcutaneous/deltoid 

• Protection for measles 

• Side effects: local soreness, fever, irritability and malaise (give antipyretic)

ROTAVIRUS

• Contents: live attenuated virus 

• Dose:.5ml 

• Route and site :oral/mouth 

• Protection for diarrhea 

• Side effects: mild vomiting, diarrhea, fever, irritability (give antipyretic and oresol)

continue with the next dose

There is no need to restart a vaccination series if the schedule is interrupted…

but at different sites on the body

All EPI vaccines can be given at the same visit

2.5–5

space injections __ cm apart to avoid overlapping reactions.

pentavalent vaccine

This vaccine is not given at birth because it contains antigens not recommended for newborns.

6 hours

Discard reconstituted vaccines within __ or at the session’s end.

BCG

Protect this vaccine from sunlight

Rotavirus

Protect this vaccine from light.