Final history: Colonies to progressive Presidents

Taxes against colonies

British taxes on American colonies led to anger in protest before the revolution

Articles of confederation

America’s first government which had a weak central power

Executive judicial legislative branches

Executive the president judicial is Supreme Court legislative branches is Congress

Roanoke

First English colonization in North America (failed)

French and Indian war

War between French and British fought in both Europe and America (British win) (French ally with natives)

American independence

13 American colonies signed declaration of independence break from Britain revolutionary war 1776 to 1783

Cash crops

South selling tobacco and cotton

Washington’s presidency

Washington didn’t like political parties, he believed they where so divided, appointed first Supreme Court justices

Atlantic trade triangle/middle passage

Atlantic trade-the state trade between Africa, America, and Europe middle passage - brutal force sea journey to enslaved Africans across Atlantic ocean to the Americas

Early Native Americans/moundbuilders

Mound builders- Native Americans, that constructed large mounds for thousands of years for brutal, religious defensive purposes early native American-were a blend of nomadic and settler tribes

Christopher Columbus

Discovered the New World started Colombian exchange

Elizabeth Stanton

Part of the American woman’s rights movement she wrote the declarations of cediments

Harriet Tubman

Aided underground railroad civil rights activist women’s rights activist escape slavery

Frederick Douglas

runaway slave who became educated spoke at Seneca Falls convention in published his own autobiography

James Monroe

Fifth president of the USA wrote Monroe doctrine

Joseph Smith

Created Mormon’s published the book of Mormon founder of Mormonism and latter-day Saints movement

Separatists

Wanted to separate from church of England wanted to pacify it in doing so

Salitary neglect

Britain’s policy of ignoring the colonies as long as they stayed loyal

Judiciary Act of 1789

Establish the structure and jurisdiction of the federal court system

Cynical Falls convention

The first woman’s rights meeting held in 1848 to demand equality

Neutrality proclamation

When the US declared to be neutral

Colombian exchange

Transferred of goods, diseases, ideas, culture, etc.

Old to new world new world to old world

Marbury Vs Madison

Established one idea of judicial review 1803

Federalist papers

Or made to pursue the people of New York to support the new constitution

Manifest destiny

The belief that the US was meant to expand west across the continent

Missouri compromise

Missouri slave state main was the free state

US Constitution

The constitution is the supreme of the United States that sets up the government and protect citizens rights

Declaration of Independence

The document that announced the colonies break from Britain in 1776

Nationalism/sectionalism

Nationalism is a loyal to the whole country while sectionalism is a loyal to one region

Dorothy Dix

Pioneering, American activist, reformer, and an author who advocated for mentally ill, leading major healthcare

Industrialization

The growth of factories and machines that changed how goods were made

Checks and balance

Checks and balances keep anyone branch of government from becoming too powerful

Differences from northern to southern colonies

Northern colonies focus on industry and trade, southern colonies realize on agriculture and enslaved labor

Monroe doctrine

A warning telling her to not interfere with the America’s

Mexican-American war

invasion of Mexico by the United States

Age of Jackson

Expanded democracy for the white men in strengthened the power of presidents

Democratic Republicans

supported states rights and former base economy

Federalists

Federalist supported a strong national government and industrial economy

Agriculture revolution

Improved forming method in increasing food production

Know Nothings

Political party that opposed immigrants Catholics in 1850s

American Revolution battles

Key battles helped the colonies defeat Britain and gained independence

Slave Labor/indentured servants

Slave labor, force people don’t work without freedom. Well indentured servant worked for a set time and paid debts.

Bill of Rights

First 10 amendment protecting Americans, basic freedom

Second grade awakening

A religious movement that encouraged reformed in moral improvement

McCulloch vs Maryland

The Supreme Court case said federal government has more power than the states

Kkk

A secret group that use violence to keep African-Americans from gaining rights after the Civil War

Tenant former/sharecroppers

Farmers who rented land and paid with money or part of their crops

Scalawigs/carpetbaggars

Scalawigs Were southern Republicans in carpet, baggers or northerners who moved south after the Civil War

Andrew Carnegie

Poor boy from Scotland moved when he was 12 started Carnegie steel company sold to JP Morgan

John D Rockefeller

Started standard oil by 1575. He was have to all oil in the US.

Cornelius Vanderbilt

Invested in railroads during the Civil War started a railroad and steamship business

George Pullman

designed and built sleeper cars for trains, built his own company in a town outside Chicago

JP Morgan

A powerful banker in industrialist who helped finance major companies in played a KEY role in shaping America’s economy during the late 1800s

California gold Rush

The 1849 rush of people moving west to find gold

Homestead act

Allowed any mail over 21 to claim 160 acres of land in new western state Kansas, Colorado, Oklahoma. The new needed to make a home on land for five years and work to land.

The great awakening

A religious revival that increased church membership in the colonies

Abolition movement

A movement that worked to end slavery the United States

Civil War battles key ones timelines

For summer July 21, 1861 Gettysburg July 1 through the third 1863 and Vicksburg May 18 to July 4, 1863 Sherman March to the sea September through December 1864 approximate courthouse April 9, 1865

John Brown

In abolitionist who used violence to try to end slavery

Indian removal act

The force to remove Native Americans west off their land

Reconstruction

A period after the Civil War focused on rebuilding the south and integrating free slaves

Temperance movement

A movement that tried to redure or ban alcohol use

Social Darwinism

Social Darwinism applied survival of the fittest to society to justify any equality

trail of tear

The forced removal of Native Americans from their lands to Oklahoma

Compromise of 1850

An attempt to balance, free and slave leads to reduce conflict

Louisiana purchase

The 1803 land deal that doubled the size of United States

The era of good feeling

It was a time of political unity after the war of 1812

Dred Scott

The dread Scott decision Said enslaved people were not citizens and had no rights

Abraham Lincoln election

Lincoln’s election in the 1560 lead southern states to succeed

Kansas, Nebraska act

The act let settlers vote on slave slavery leading to violence

Republican Party

The Republican Party was formed to stop the spread of slavery

A wounded knee massacre

In 1890 the army helped over 300 Indians in surprise attack attacked them

Lincoln’s house divided speech

Lincoln said that the US could not survive half the slave and have free and would have to come all one or the other

14th amendment

Passed in 1868 granted citizenship to all people born in the US equal protective of the laws

Theodore Roosevelt

Aidan creation of national parks

Oberlin College

One of the first colleges to admit both women and African-Americans

Florence Kelly

Fought to improve working conditions, especially for women and children

Jacob Riis

Use photos in writing to show harsh, living conditions of the poor in the cities

Muckrakers

Journalist who exposed corruption and issues in society to push for reform