AP human quiz 1

Land ordinace of 1785

A law that divided much of the United States into townships to facilitate the sale of land to settlers

Contagious Diffusion

The distance-controlled spreading of an idea, innovation, or some other item through a local population by contact from person to person.

cultural landscape

the visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape

culture

the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next (beliefs, customs, religions)

Density

the number of individuals of the same species that live in a given unit of area

Distance Decay

the effects of distance on interaction, generally the greater the distance the less interaction

Distribution

The arrangement of something across Earth's surface. (or in a space)

environmental determinism

the view that the natural environment has a controlling influence over various aspects of human life including cultural development, that landforms and climate are the most powerful forces shaping human behavior and societal development while ignorning the influence of culture.

Functional Region

A region defined by the particular set of activities or interactions that occur within it, they have a node or a focal point. A pizza delivery center is a functional region while the shop is the node. This activity can be political social or economic. (united by networks of communication, transportation, or other interactions)

geovisualization

refers to a set of tools and techniques supporting the analysis of geospatial data through the use of interactive visualization. the creation and use of visual representations to facilitate thinking, understanding, and knowledge construction about human and physical environment.2D or 3D interactive maps that allow people to zoom in or out to see data in ways that was previously impossible

Global Positioning System (GPS)

Satellite-based system for determining the absolute location of places or geographic features. It uses multiple satellites to collect digital images or video of the earth's surface.

Greenwich Mean Time

The time in that time zone encompassing the Prime Meridian, or 0 degrees longitude Earth's internationally agreed upon official time zone.

Hearth

The region from which innovative ideas originate

Hierachal diffusion

The spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places (wealth and influence) eventually the trait could be shared in other people, smaller cities, different social classes, or less developed countries. (may skip places) this is like music, fashion, or fads.

Human Geography

the study of the spatial characteristics of humans and human activities

Latitude

Distance north or south of the equator (run east to west)

Location

The position of anything on Earth's surface.

Longitude

Distance east or west of the prime meridian, measured in degrees (run north to south)

Map

a diagrammatic representation of an area of land or sea showing physical features, cities, roads, etc. OR SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS

Mental Map

A representation of a portion of Earth's surface based on what an individual knows about a place, containing personal impressions of what is in a place and where places are located. A map which represents the perceptions and knowledge a person has of an area. Mix of objective knowledge and subjective perceptions.

Meridian

An arc drawn on a map between the North and South poles. (longitude)

parallel

A circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians.

pattern

the geometric arrangement of objects in space

Physical Geography

the study of physical features of the earth's surface

physical map

A map that shows mountains, hills, plains, rivers, lakes, oceans, etc. PHYSICAL FEATURES

Physiological Density

The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture.

Place

A specific point on Earth distinguished by a particular character. (atributes and values associated with a location. An area that is defined by everything in it.

Cultural Ecology

Geographic approach that emphasizes human-environment relationships. how humans interact and adaot to their enviornment.

Base Lines

An east-west line designated under the Land Ordinance of 1785 to facilitate the surveying and numbering of townships in the United States. (also fixed points of reference for comparison purposes.)

Connections

Relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space. (roads or other links)

formal region

An area in which everyone shares in ONE (uniform) or more distinctive characteristics

Geographic Information System (GIS)

A computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data from multiple digital maps or geospatial data sets

Geospatial Data

data that describe both the locations and characteristics of spatial features on the Earth's surface all info that can be tied to a specific place.

Globalization

the increased integration of the world economy, with intensifed interaction among governments, people, and companies. (trade, tarrifs, etc!!!)

International Date Line

the line of longitude that marks where each new day begins, centered on the 180th meridian

vernacular region

a region perceived and defined by its inhabitants, usually with a popularly given or accepted nickname; popular region

Toponym

way to designate a location, also called a place name. May provide insights into the physical geograph, history or culur of a place.

Stimulus Diffusion

The spread of an underlying principle, even though a specific characteristic is rejected or modified.

site

physical characteristics of a place

region

an area defined by one or more natural or cultural characteristics that set it apart from other areas. Has boundaires, has unifying chracteristics.

remote sensing

The acquisition of data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or other long-distance methods. USING CAMERAS

relocation diffusion

the spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another. When people bring a cultural train with them as they travel.

relative location

The position of a place in relation to another place

Regional Studies

An approach to geography that emphasizes the relationships among social and physical phenomena in a particular study area.

Projection

The system used to transfer locations from Earth's surface to a flat map. 3-d to 2-d map

Principle Meridian

the north-south lines seperating townships and survey control

Prime Meridian

The meridian, designated at 0° longitude, which passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England.

Possibilism

The physical environment may limit some human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to their environment. HUMANS HAVE MOrE POWER and influence over their circumstances.

absolute location

Exact location of a place on the earth described by global coordinates

Agricultural Density

The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture

Arithmetic Density

The total number of people divided by the total land area.

Cartography

science or art of making maps

Concentration

The spread of something over a given area.

spatial pattern

general arrangements of things being studied

Spatial Association

Matching patterns of distribution is called spatial association and indicates that two or more phenomena may be related or associated with each other.

space-time compression

The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place, as a result of improved communications and transportation systems

situation

the location of a place relative to it’s surroundings and its connectivity to other places(near a gold mine, near a railroad, etc)