Nutrition/Feeding/Hydration

nutrition

process of taking in food and using it

ingestion, digestion, absorption, metabolism

4 steps in the nutrition process

metabolism

provides energy measured in units (kilocalories)

nutrients

food taken into our bodies is broken into this essential element; provides us energy and helps our bodies to function properly

bread, cereal, sugar, starches

carbohydrates

meat, fish, poultry, eggs

proteins

butter, creams, meat, cheese, egg yolk

fats

green leafy vegetables

vitamin k foods

dairy products

vitamin d foods

religion, culture, geography, finances, appetite

factors that affect food choices

meals must meet the individual nutritional needs of each resident and be presented in an appealing way

OBRA nutrition requirement

dietician

performs further nutritional assessments if needed

medical social worker

is involved if a pt has difficulty affording or obtaining food

nutritional supplements

used to supply extra calories or protein in addition to a special diet

the unaffected side (strong side)

if a pt is paralyzed on one side feed them on…

on pt door or above bed

NPO signs are placed…

spoon, 1/3 full

feed residents with a ___ and fill it ____

small bites giving time to chew, insuring they swallow

when feeding, give the resident…

MyPyramid

a guide for making daily food choices that focuses on a balance between food and physical activity

percentages

record food intake using…

nurse

who administers an IV line

infiltration

swelling/pain at IV site due to fluids being dislodged from the vein and infusing into tissues

nasogastric tube

short term enteral nutrition

easy dislodgment and throat irritation

disadvantages of NG tubing

percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube

PEG tube, may have a button

HOB elevated 45 degrees during and 30-60min after feeding.

(PO or through tubing) when feeding, a pt should have…

redness, swelling, drainage, complications

monitor skin integrity at tube insertion site for these

nutrients directly delivered into bloodstream, passing the digestive system entirely; total parenteral nutrition (hyperalimentation)

TPN

diarrhea, vomiting, hemorrhage, severe burns, excess sweat

causes of dehydration

kidney and heart disease

causes of edema

irrigation

fluid placed into tubes that have been inserted in the body; responsibility of the nurse

not considered intake, not recorded

for irrigation, any fluid that is administered and then returned is ______ and therefore it is _____

30mL / 30cc

1 oz