Ethyl Alcohol and the Inhalants of Abuse

These flashcards cover important concepts related to the effects, history, and regulation of alcohol consumption and inhalants of abuse.

What are the two types of alcohol?

Methyl alcohol and Ethyl alcohol.

How is Ethyl alcohol created?

Through fermentation.

What is the significance of the proof of alcohol?

It is 2x the alcohol content.

Name one historical alcoholic beverage.

Mead, beer, or wine.

What was the temperance movement?

A social movement against the consumption of alcoholic beverages.

What was the Volstead Act?

Legislation that provided for the enforcement of Prohibition.

What did the 18th Amendment entail?

It prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages.

What year was Prohibition repealed?

1933, with the 21st amendment.

What does it mean to binge drink?

To consume an excessive amount of alcohol in a short period.

Name one secondary effect of binge drinking.

Unplanned or risky sexual behavior.

What are some criteria for Alcoholism?

Preoccupation with drinking, emotional problems, vocational and social issues.

What is the DSM-5?

A manual for diagnosing mental disorders including alcohol use disorder.

What does COAS stand for?

Children of Alcoholics.

What is one common treatment approach for alcoholism?

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA).

What substance is indicated by 'BAC'?

Blood Alcohol Concentration.

What is considered a standard drink of beer?

12 oz of beer or cooler.

What does the acronym NIAAA stand for?

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.

What physiological issue does delirium tremens indicate?

Severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome.

What is a binge drinking level indicated in terms of BAC?

A BAC of .08 or higher.

What physiological effect does alcohol have on the liver?

Conditions such as fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and cirrhosis.

How is pharamacodynamics related to alcohol?

It studies the effects of alcohol on the body and brain.

What does tolerance refer to in alcohol consumption?

The body's reduced response to alcohol after repeated use.

What are common symptoms of a hangover?

Dehydration, headache, and fatigue.

What role does acetaldehyde play in alcohol metabolism?

It is a toxic byproduct of alcohol breakdown.

What is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)?

A condition resulting from alcohol exposure in the womb.

What are the classic signs of acute alcohol intoxication?

Stupor, cool/damp skin, weak pulse, and shallow breathing.

What are inhalants?

Substances that are vaporized and inhaled for their psychoactive effects.

What does the term 'gray out' refer to?

Partial memory loss while intoxicated.

What age group is most likely to abuse inhalants?

Young individuals who cannot access alcohol.

What is the primary way alcohol leaves the body?

Through the lungs and urine.

What does emotional preoccupation with alcohol indicate?

Potential alcoholism.

What does it mean to self-help groups like SMART Recovery?

Support groups that focus on self-managed recovery from addiction.

How does alcohol affect the central nervous system?

It depresses CNS functions.

What are the physiological effects of chronic alcohol use on the heart?

Cardiomyopathy and increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

What is an enzyme induction tolerance?

Increased metabolism and reduced effects of alcohol due to enzymatic changes.

What famous quote references the performance effects of alcohol?

“It provokes the desire, but takes away the performance” - Macbeth.

What does the term 'secondary effects' refer to in binge drinking contexts?

Consequences affecting others due to someone's drinking behavior.

What is the acute effect of inhalants on the body?

CNS depression leading to euphoria and impaired judgment.

What can heavy drinking lead to in terms of cognitive issues?

Alcoholic dementia and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.

What physical symptom can indicate something serious in intoxicated individuals?

Bluish or pale skin.

How is alcohol absorbed in the body?

Throughout the gastrointestinal tract.

What should individuals avoid taking to prevent hangovers?

Tylenol or Aspirin.

What percentage of alcohol in blood reaches the brain almost immediately?

90%.

What do alcohol withdrawal symptoms include?

Delirium tremens, anxiety, and tremors.

What kind of physiological effects does alcohol have on the digestive system?

Acute gastritis and other gastrointestinal issues.