Unit 5 Vocabulary

Ethnic nationalism

a form of nationalism wherein the nation is defined by a shared heritage, which usually includes a common language, a
common faith, and a common ethnic ancestry

Ideology

the body of beliefs, symbols, and political and social aims that characterizes a particular group or institution

Liberal

one who believes in a progressive political philosophy, which favors government promotion of social change and the
importance of individual liberty

Abolish

to do away with; to put a stop to

Aristocracy

a high-ranking social class, having special privileges and influence and usually determined by heredity

Autonomy

freedom and independence; self-governance

Bourgeoisie

the middle class

Communism

the theory of a classless social system in which all property and means of production are owned in common; socialist
theory deriving from the works of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

Conservative

a person who favors the traditional and opposes rapid change

Democracy

a form of government in which power ultimately rests with the people, either directly or through elected representatives

Enlightenment

an eighteenth-century philosophical movement that emphasized the use of reason

Factory

a building or set of buildings where products are manufactured

Fossil fuels

any carbon-containing fuel formed from the remains of prehistoric plants and animals, such as coal, petroleum, and
natural gas

Gender

socially constructed characteristics of women and men, such as norms, roles, and relationships of and between groups
of women and men (World Health Organization)

Independence

the quality or state of being independent; freedom from outside control

Industrial

of or pertaining to the production of goods and services by industry (the activity or process of turning raw materials into
finished goods, or a particular business that does this

Invest

to spend with the intention of gaining some benefit

Manufacture

to make by machine, usually in great quantities

Nation

a people living in the same geographic region and having a common history, language, and culture

Nation-state

the modern autonomous (self-governing) nation, considered as a unit of political organization

Nationalism

concern for or devotion to one's own nation, especially desire for national progress, defense, or independence

Proletariat

the working class, especially those that lack capital and must sell their usually unskilled labor in order to survive

Radical

a person who advocates fundamental or extreme social and political changes

Reform

to improve or enhance through moderate change

Republic

a state or nation where supreme political power is exercised by elected representatives acting in the name of the people

Revolution

a massive upheaval in ideas or ways of doing something, or the widescale change or transformation that occurs because
of it

Socialism

a political or economic theory in which community members own all property, resources, and the means of production,
and control the distribution of goods

Sovereignty

the power of self-government, with independence from outside control; autonomy

Suffrage

sovereignty

Absolute monarchy

an authoritarian governing system in which a hereditary ruler holds complete power until death an authoritarian
governing system in which a hereditary ruler holds complete power until death

Citizen

a person belonging by birth or naturalization to a political and geographic entity, especially a nation

Constitution

the set of basic laws and principles by which a nation, state, or other organization is governed

Consumer

one who purchases goods or services