protein synthesis

RNA

ribonucleic acid; a single stranded molecule; three types are involved in the translation process of proteins synthesis (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA)

Transcription

occurs in the nucleus; the process of copying the code of DNA onto a mRNA strand

mRNA

messenger RNA; brings the code of DNA from the nucleus to the ribosomes

Translation

occurs at the ribosome; the process of reading codons to create proteins

tRNA

transfers RNA; carries anticodons and amino acids to the ribosoms for protein synthesis

Codon

a group of 3 nucleotides which codes for 1 amino acid; found on mRNA

Peptide bond

hold amino acid together to form a protein

polypeptide

a chain of amino acid held together by peptide bonds

mutation

mistakes in teh DNA A=G or C=T

Substitution/Point Mutation

a substitution of a single base with another

muframeshift mutation

insertion or deletion of nucleotides causing a change in protein synthesis

deletion

changes the DNA sequence by removing at least one nucleotide in a gene

addition

changes the DNA sequence by inseting at least one nucleotide in a gene