P.E. Biomechanics & Movement Concepts

mass

quantity of matter composing a body (m); measured in kilograms (kg); stays constant wherever measured (not dependent upon gravity) 

Weight

amount of gravitational force exerted on/by an object; g=9.81 m/s^2 on earth; measured in newtons  

resistance

resistance that acts against a body; gravity, wind, and friction are examples; measured in newtons; 1 N is the amount of force required to give a mass of 1kg an acceleration of 1 m/s^2 more info.  

center of gravity (or mass)

the point at which the body’s weight and mass are distributed equally.   

pressure

a force distributed over a certain area: measured in pounds per square inch.  

volume

the amount of space that an object occupies

density

mass per unit of volume 

torque

rotary effect of a force (perpendicular distance) measured in foot-pounds 

more torque less control

The farther away, (torque and control)

lever

a rigid body that when subjected to a force whose line of action does not pass through its pivot point exerts force on any object impeding its tendency to rotate.  

Fulcrum

The pivot point of a lever

moment arm

force arm or lever arm; perpendicular distance from line of action from force to the fulcrum

first class lever system, tricep extension

Muscle (that which is applied) force and resistive force (load) will act on the opposite side of the fulcrum.  (and example)

Second class lever system, calf raises

Muscle force and resistive force act on same side of fulcrum with resistive force in the middle.  (and example)

Third class lever system, bicep curl

Muscle force and resistive force act on the same side of fulcrum with muscle force in the middle. (and example)

gravity, wind, friction

What types of resistance act on the body?

what the body can do (shapes, weight bearing, balance, flight, transfer of weight)

What is body awareness and what are examples?

Static Balance

shift in the center of gravity (balance on one leg)

Dynamic balance

Type of balance: dropping a soccer ball and kicking it

transfer of body weight

body weight can be moved from one part of the body to another

flight

lifting body weight off the floor for an extended period

Parkour

Give an example of flight

space awareness

Where the body moves

general space

total space used by all

personal space

limited area reserved for one

jump rope locomotion

give an example of personal space

levels

relationship of body to the floor

Assists with center of gravity/balance

why are levels helpful?

direction

desired route of movement

planes

pathways of movement

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation

what are the types of movement (biomechanical articulations_

flexion

closing a joint

extension

opening a joint

abduction

going away from the body

adduction

adding to the body

rotation

internal and external movement

resting karate stance

give an example of a frontal plane

golf/baseball swing

give an example of a transversal plane

front kick

give an example of a sagittal plane

quality of movement

how the body moves

speed and force

what are the two qualities of movement that children need to learn?

end in -ing

fundamental motor skills

locomotor skills

skills used to transport the body from one place to another

Locomotor skills

What is the foundation of gross motor coordination?

bending, twisting, stretching

What are examples of nonlocomotor skills

hand-eye coordination, squeezing, bouncing, etc.

what are manipulative skills