Cell Cycle & Mitosis

yayyyyyyyyy cell stuff

cell cycle

the life of a cell from its formation to its own division

reasons a cell divides

reproduction, growth, repair damage

genome

all the DNA in a cell

histones

proteins that help to organize, support, and package DNA

chromosomes

organized, condensed structures of DNA that are seen when the cell is dividing (during mitosis)

chromatin

uncondensed DNA that is seen when the cell is not dividing (interphase)

sister chromatids

identical sides of a chromosome

centromere

structure that connects two sister chromatids together

mitosis

division of the nucleus

cytokinesis

division of the cytoplasm

G1 Phase

The first gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins.

S Phase

The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated.

G2 Phase

The second growth phase of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs. Cell is preparing to divide.

centrioles

pair of structures that help to organize the spindles during cell division

spindle

long, thin structure composed of microtubules that help to move chromosomes during cell division

interphase

period of growth and DNA replication, contains 3 subphases G1, S, G2

prophase

phase of mitosis in which the chromatin condenses into chromosomes, the nucleus begins to breakdown, spindles form, and the centrioles begin to migrate to opposite ends of the cell

metaphase

spindles attach to the centromeres and move chromosomes to the middle of the cell

anaphase

sister chromatids are separated and pulled to opposite poles

telophase

chromosomes uncondense back to chromatin, 2 nuclei begin to reform, spindles break down, cytokinesis begins

cleavage furrow

The area of the cell membrane in animal cells that pinches in and eventually separates the dividing cell

cell plate

structure seen forming between two dividing plant cells that will become the cell wall

G1 checkpoint

checkpoint in which the cell checks for cell size, nutrients, growth factors and DNA damage

Apoptosis

programmed cell death

G2 checkpoint

checkpoint in which the cell checks to make sure DNA replication occurred and DNA is not damaged

M checkpoint

checkpoint in which the cell determines if the chromosomes are attached to spindles and lined up in the middle of the cell

cell cycle regulatory proteins

growth factors, cyclins, CDKs

picture of interphase

picture of prophase

picture of metaphase

picture of anaphase

picture of telophase