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Pedro Ponce De Leon

First known educator for deaf children.

Par Aron Borg

An educator who advanced education for the deaf

Jean-Marc-Gaspard Itard

-A French physician who was an authority on diseases of the ear and on the education of deaf students.

-Noted for his work with deaf-mutes, and was one of the first to attempt the education of mentally retarded children in a systematic fashion.

-Best known for his pioneering work with the “Wild Boy of Aveyron”

Samuel Gridley Howe

-He helped establish the Perkins School for

the blind in Massachusetts

- Known particularly for his success in teaching

the alphabet to Laura Bridgman, a student

who was blind and deaf.

-He also helped create schools for children with

intellectual disabilities

Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet

-An educational philanthropist and founder of

the first America, school for the deaf (now

known as the American School of the Deaf).

-Gallaudet University in Washington, D.C. was

later named in his honor.

Edward Seguin

-He pioneered modern educational methods for teaching the

intellectually disabled.

-The first who founded a school for “idiots” called Seguin

Physiological School.

-His work is considered one of the early foundations of special

education. believed that even individuals with disabilities

are capable of learning.

Tashiro Furukawa

– Early educator of children with disabilities

Wanda Szuman

Advocate and educator for children with special needs

Institutionalization

Children with significant needs were often placed in

state-run institutions or asylums, away from the general population.

The IQ Movement

With the development of the Binet-Simon scale (the precursor to the modern IQ test), educators began "sorting" children.

Maria Montessori

A physician who worked with children labeled "uneducable"

in Rome. She proved that by changing the environment

and using sensory-based materials, these children could

pass standard exams. Her methods are still foundational in

early childhood and special education.

Lev Vygotsky

He introduced the Social-Pragmatic view, arguing

that a child’s disability is not just biological but also

"social." He believed that with the right "scaffolding"

or support, children could reach their "Zone of

Proximal Development.”

Brown v. Board of Education

a landmark Supreme Court case ruling that U.S. state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated facilities are otherwise equal.

Education for All Handicapped

Children Act

IDEA

Free Appropriate Public Education

FAPE

Less Restrictive Environment

LRE

Down Syndrome (Trisonomy 21)

moderated intellectual and developmental disability

Retinopathy of prematurity-

cause of blindness

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

metabolic disorder

Cystic Fibrosis

chronic respiratory and digestive problems

Muscular Dystrophy

progressive degeneration of muscles

Hydrocephalus

accumulation of cerebro-spinal fluid in the brain that can cause mental or physical disability when not corrected.

Elizabeth Farrel

• a teacher in New York City, played a major role in developing special education as a profession.

• She advocated for children with special needs who were often excluded from general education.

Educational support, Health services, Social services

Farrel belived that students with exceptionalities must have:

Council for Exceptional Children

CEC

Normalization

Individuals with exceptionalities are encouraged and should have opportunities to live lives as close as possible to the typical patterns and conditions of living in society.

Bengt Nirje

Recognize that individuals with disabilities who are living at home instead of being institutionalized exhibited fewer developmental delays as compared to those who are in institutions.

Deinstitutionalization

often recognized as a driving force in integrating persons with disabilities into society, since people with disabilities are being transferred from residential institutions to communities to be raised by their families and live independently

Inclusion

the practice of educating exceptional learners together with their peers instead of separating them. In which schools provide support, accommodations, and appropriate teaching strategies that they can learn together.

Eunice Kennedy Shriver

Founded the Special Olympians

Support

• Informal network

• Manage anxieties, stress, and frustrations

Information and Resources

• Available services, programs, and community resources.

• Navigate the complex systems

Advocacy and Services

• Accessing necessary services and educational accommodations

• Advocate effectively

• Individualized Education Programs (IEPs)

Association for Retarded Citizens

• To promote and protect the human rights of people with IDD (Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities)

• Advocated Public Law 94-142

National Association for Gifted Children

Focused on the needs of gifted and talented children.

Learning Disabilities Association

Provides support to people with learning disabilities

Autism Society of America

• Works to connect and empower the autism community through resources that support fulfilling lives.

Federation of Families for Children’s Mental Health

A nonprofit organization that works to support children, youth, and families experiencing mental health, emotional, or behavioral difficulties.

Philippine Mental Health Association (PHMS)

• Established in January 15, 1950

• A non-profit organization that responded to mental health concerns after World War II.

Philippine Psychiatric Association (PPA)

• Established in 1973

• A non-profit organization that works to promote the development of psychiatry and maintain high standards in mental health care.

• Philippine Mental Health Act (RA 11036)

Anxiety and Depression Support (ASDP)

• 2013-2014.

• Peer-led organizations that proved the effectiveness of community-based support groups.

• Provides a safe, non-judgmental space for Filipinos experiencing anxiety and depression.