Bus Com

bull run

bull run

period when prices of shares are rising.

benchmarking

Running financial analyses in order to compare business practices and the standards of a firm to other firms within the same industry. A benchmark is a standard or a baseline, that's used for comparative purposes when assessing a portfolio or mutual fund.

bottle necks

A point of congestion in a production system that happens when workloads arrive too quickly for the production process to handle. This creates delays and higher production costs.

break even point

Break-even (or break-evenpoint) is the point of balance making neither a profit nor a loss. --> Seuil de rentabilité

The break-even point is the point in a business venture where total revenue/income equals total cost(s).

bricks and mortar

Brick and mortar refers to a traditional street-side business that offers its products and services to its customers face-to-face in an office or store that the business owns or rents. The local grocery store and the corner bank are examples of brick-and-mortar companies. Brick-and-mortar businesses have found it difficult to compete with E-commerce businesses like Amazon.com Inc. (AMZN) because the latter usually have lower operating costs and greater flexibility.

bull market

A bull market is the condition of a financial market in which prices are rising or are expected to rise. The term "bull market" is most often used to refer to the stock market but can be applied to anything that is traded, such as bonds, real estate, currencies and commodities.

carbon footprint

The carbon footprint of human activity is a measure of greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere. It depends on the emission factors of the inputs linked to this activity and, particularly, on the emission factors associated with the energy sources used. 

The carbon footprint includes the combined emissions of three greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). These three gases alone represent 97% of the six GHGs taken into account by the Kyoto Protocol.

carbon offset

a credit that a person or organization can buy to decrease its carbon footprint. It is any reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to make up for emissions that occur elsewhere. Offsets are measured in tons of carbon dioxide-equivalent

carbon target

Targets are considered ‘science-based’ if they align with what the latest climate science deems necessary to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement. Science-based targets provide companies with a clearly-defined path to reduce emissions in line with the Paris Agreement goals.

conglomerate

A conglomerate is a corporation that is made up of a number of different, seemingly unrelated businesses. In a conglomerate, one company owns a controlling stake in a number of smaller companies, which conduct business separately. Each of a conglomerate's subsidiary businesses runs independently of the other business divisions, but the subsidiaries' management reports to senior management at the parent company.

cost of living crisis

The ‘cost of living crisis’ refers to the fall in ‘real’ disposable incomes (that is, adjusted for inflation and after taxes and benefits) that the UK has experienced since late 2021. It is being caused predominantly by high inflation outstripping wage and benefit increases and has been further exacerbated by recent tax increases.

corporate social responsibility (CSR)

Corporate social responsibility, often abbreviated as "CSR," is a corporation's initiative to assess and take responsibility for the company's effects on environmental and social wellbeing. The term generally applies to efforts that go beyond what may be required by regulators or environmental protection groups. 

crowdfunding

practice of funding a project or venture by raising money from a large number of people who each contribute a relatively small amount, typically via the internet.

customer relationship management (CRM)

process in which a business administers the interactions with its customers, by using data analysis to study a large amount of information.

disruptor

When it comes to business strategy, the term “disruption” refers to a process through which market entrants are armed with a non-conventional business model, and what at the outset seems to be poor-performing products come to challenge industry incumbents over time, eventually getting them out of business.

footfall

number of people who go into a shop or a business during a particular period of time 

freight

Goods transported in bulk by truck, train, ship, or aircraft.

greenwashing

behavior or activities that make people believe that a company is doing more to protect the environment than it really is

guerilla markerting

Guerrilla marketing is a marketing tactic in which a company uses surprise and/or unconventional interactions in order to promote a product or service. Guerrilla marketing is different from traditional marketing in that it often relies on personal interaction, has a smaller budget, and focuses on smaller groups of promoters that are responsible for getting the word out in a particular location rather than through widespread media campaigns

household name

name or person know by most

hub

the central part of something- either of a wheel or a center of activity

IPO

(initial public offering):the first sale of a company's shares to the public

knock on effect

Something (such as a process, action, or event) that causes other things to happe

landlord

A person who rents out land, a building, or accommodation

layoff

The redundancy of a worker or workers

living wage

A wage that is high enough to maintain a normal standard of living

loyalty programme

A marketing strategy designed to encourage customers to continue to shop at or use the services of a business associated with the program

mark up

A percentage or amount added to the cost of a commodity to provide the seller with a profit and to cover overheads, costs, etc

mortgage

The term “mortgage” refers to a loan used to purchase or maintain a home, land, or other types of real estate. The borrower agrees to pay the lender over time, typically in a series of regular payments that are divided into principal and interest. The property serves as collateral to secure the loan

offshoring

Offshoring, the practice of outsourcing operations overseas, usually by companies from industrialized countries to less-developed countries, with the intention of reducing the cost of doing business

reshoring

Reshoring is the process of returning the production and manufacturing of goods back to the company's original country. Reshoring is also known as onshoring, inshoring, or backshoring

parent company

A company that owns more than half the shares of another company

purchasing department

Purchasing is responsible for the procurement process. This means it ensures the supply of goods, production materials, and equipment to take place in a smooth production and sales process. For this, goods must be procured at the right time, in the right quantity, and of the right quantity. If the purchasing process falls down, there's a risk that the business will not be able to manufacture products or keep the shelves stocked with sufficient volume to meet customer demand

red tape

Official routine or procedure marked by excessive complexity which results in delay or inaction. --> bureaucratie

Collection or sequence of forms and procedures required to gain bureaucratic approval for something

to be made redundant (redundancy)

In the UK redundancy has a specific legal meaning. If someone is made redundant they are dismissed from their job because that job has become unnecessary. The employer has to give the employee a “redundancy payment” and follow a specific procedure. 

The state of being no longer in employment because there is no more work available.

plural noun: redundancies

retail sector

The retail sector includes all shops and stores that sell goods to shoppers, i.e., the ultimate consumers. The shoppers buy the products for personal and not business use. The retailer sells products directly to the ultimate consumer. They sell products individually, i.e., one at a time, to one consumer at a time

shipping containers

A shipping container is a container with strength suitable to withstand shipment, storage, and handling. Shipping containers range from large reusable steel boxes used for intermodal shipments to cardboard boxes

subsidies

A subsidy is a form of financial aid or support extended to an economic sector (or institution, business, or individual) generally with the aim of promoting economic and social policy.[1] Although commonly extended from the government, the term subsidy can relate to any type of support – for example from NGOs or as implicit subsidies. Subsidies come in various forms including: direct (cash grants, interest-free loans) and indirect (tax breaks, insurance, low-interest loans, accelerated depreciation, rent rebates). (a sum of) money paid by a government etc to an industry etc that needs help, or to farmers etc to keep the price of their products low

subsidiary

A subsidiary, subsidiary company or daughter company is a company that is owned or controlled by another company, which is called the parent company, parent, or holding company. The subsidiary can be a company, corporation, or limited liability company. In some cases it is a government or state-owned enterprise. In some cases, particularly in the music and book publishing industries, subsidiaries are referred to as imprints. subsidiary company or daughter company is a company that is owned or controlled by another company, which is called the parent company

sole trader

A person who is the exclusive owner of a business, entitled to keep all profits after tax has been paid but liable for all losses. Exposed to unlimited liability

supply chain

A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer in commerce. Supply chain activities include transforming natural resources, raw materials, and components into a finished product and delivery to the end customer

tipping point

the critical point in a situation, process, or system beyond which a significant and often unstoppable effect or change takes place

to get on the property ladder

the property ladder (UK): the housing market, the chain of buying and selling homes

turnover

The amount of money taken by a business in a particular period. So... the cash coming into the business (not to be confused with profit)

Turnover is an accounting concept that calculates how quickly a business conducts its operations. Most often, turnover is used to understand how quickly a company collects cash from accounts receivable or how fast the company sells its inventory

warehouse

A large building where raw materials or manufactured goods may be stored prior to their distribution for sale

wholesaler

A person or company that sells goods in large quantities at low prices, typically to retailers

take over

a situation in which a company gets control of another company by buying enough of its shares

merger

a combination of two things, especially companies, into one