Skeletal System Notes

ummm so I probably have a pop quiz tomorrow and I didn't study soooooooo that's fun!!

Skeletal System

The organ system that comprises bones and cartilage, providing structure, support, and protection to the body.

Ossification

The process by which bone is formed, replaced, or repaired.

Epiphyses

The expanded ends of long bones that articulate with adjacent bones.

Diaphysis

The shaft or central part of a long bone.

Periosteum

A tough layer of dense connective tissue covering the bone.

Medullary Cavity

The hollow chamber within the diaphysis that contains bone marrow.

Bone Marrow

A special type of connective tissue found within the medullary cavity, responsible for blood cell production.

Compact Bone

Tightly packed bone tissue that forms the outer layer of bones.

Spongy Bone

Bone tissue with a porous structure that is found at the ends of long bones and in the interior of others.

Osteocytes

Mature bone cells located within lacunae that maintain the bone matrix.

Haversian Canal

A central canal in compact bone that contains blood vessels and nerves.

Trabeculae

The branching bony plates that make up spongy bone.

Hematopoiesis

The process of blood cell formation in the bone marrow.

Calcium Homeostasis

The regulation of calcium levels in the body by the hormones calcitonin and parathyroid hormone.

Intramembranous Bones

Bones that form from sheet-like layers of connective tissue.

Endochondral Bones

Bones that develop from hyaline cartilage models.

Pectoral Girdle

The structure that supports the arms and consists of the clavicles and scapulae.

Pelvic Girdle

The structure composed of the hip bones that supports the lower limbs and protects pelvic organs.

Synovial Joint

A type of joint characterized by a fluid-filled joint cavity, allowing for free movement.

Articular Cartilage

Smooth tissue that covers the ends of bones in a joint to reduce friction.

Ligaments

Strong connective tissues that connect bones to other bones at a joint.

Amphiarthrotic Joint

A joint that allows for slight movement.

Diarthrotic Joint

A joint that permits free movement.