Late Middle Ages & Renaissance
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50 Terms
What was the earliest form of European Castles?
Motte and Bailey
What were the weaknesses of the Stone Keep Castles
Heavy, Easy to dig through and mine, and Easier to surround
What technology brought an end to the building of castles?
Gunpowder
The supports on cathedrals which supported the building and also allowed light to filter into the large stained glass windows are called?
Flying butress
What was the name for the simple churches that existed in Europe before Cathedrals
Romanesque
The Large Circular Window at the front of a cathedral is called a what?
Rosetta Window
A concentric castle is characterized by multiple ring of what?
Walls
Cathedrals built from 1100-1400 typically adhere to what style?
Gothic Style
What stone creatures were used to decorate the outside of gothic cathedrals?
Gargoyles
What is the name of the famous cathedral in Paris, France which caught fire in 2017
Notre Dame
Normandy is an area in the north of what European Country?
France
What year was England invaded by the Normans
1066
What was the name of the childless king who promised his throne to both his advisor and the Duke of Normandy
Edward the Confessor
Days before the Norman invasion, an army from what kingdom invaded northern England and was defeated at the battle of Stamford Bridge?
Norway
King William took a survey of his new lands in what ominous sounding book?
The Doomsaday Book
Who was King Edwards Advisor who seized the throne after his death
Harold Godwinson
Who was the first group of people to inhabit the British Isle
Germanic Celtic
In what 1066 AD battle did the Normans defeat the Anglo-Saxons and conquer England
The Battle of Hastings
The barons of England made King John sign what document that guaranteed some right for free citizens
Magna Carta
What was the biggest grievance that the Barons had with King John?
Taxes
Some of the ideas of the Magna Carta made it into what American Document?
Constitution
King John is one of the villains in what classic English Story?
Robin Hood
How did King John offend the Irish Lords
By pulling their beards
How did the Magna Carta change the laws for people who were arrested
Fair Trial
The process if being kicked out of the Christian Church is known as what?
Excommunicated
The Crusades wore what symbol on their tunics and shields?
A Red Cross
The main objective of the crusades was to capture what city from Muslim rule?
Jerusalem
Who called for the first crusade
Pope Urban II
What was the rallying cry of the first crusade
Deus vault
Who was the respected Muslim general who reconquered Jerusalem, beginning the third crusade?
Saladin
The 4th crusade ended in disaster when the crusader army sacked what Christian city?
Constantinople
Who was the English king who led his army in the third crusade
King Richard the Lionheart
What group was unfairly persecuted as crusaders traveled to the holy land
The Jews
What crusade was known as the peasants crusade?
The first crusade
What crusade was known as the “king crusade”
The Third Crusade
Where did the Black Death originate?
China
The Black Death was believed to be spread by fleas carried by what animal?
Rats
The Black Death first reached Europe from the port of Messina in what modern day country
Italy
The Black Death severely weakened this social system
The Feudal System
The Hundred years war were between what countries?
France and the UK
What technology, used primarily by the English in the Hundred Years War stopped the supremacy of the knight on the Medieval Battlefield?
English Long bows
Who was the young peasant girl who led France to a series of victories late in the Hundred Years’ War?
Joan of Arc
What concept, defined as "identification with one's own nation and support for its interests," was felt by soldiers on both sides of the Hundred Years' War?
Nationalism
Who was the legendary and ruthless leader of the Mongol invaders?
Genghis Kahn
The Mongols originated from what large, flat, unforeseen barren area in Central Asia
Steppe
Who was the Italian explorer who told the world of the riches and power of the mongol empire?
Marco Polo
What cultural movement turned away from medieval scholasticism and revived interest in Ancient Greek and Roman thought?
Humanism
What modern day country did the Renaissance begin in?
Italy
Who was the Italian artist and intellectual who painted The Last Supper and Mona Lisa
Da Vinci
Who was the Italian astronomer and physicist who is sometimes called the father of modern science?
Galileo Galili
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