Louisiana History 307 Midterm Review latest updated version with expert solitions + rationales

casket girls

group of ladies who came to Louisiana to find husbands

Natchitoches

first permanent settlement in all of Louisiana Purchase Territory and as established in 1714

Treaty of Paris

Treaty signed by France and England that ended the French and Indian War

Isle of Orleans

land granted to Spain after French and Indian War; land upon which New Orleans is built; area of land surrounded by water, the Mississippi River, the Gulf of Mexico, Bayou Manchac, the Amite River, Lake Maurepas, Pontchartrain, Borgne

Ulloa

first Spanish Governor of Louisiana

William C.C. Claiborne

first American governor of Louisiana territory

atlatl

A tool used to throw a spear.

creole

native to Louisiana

mestizo

part Spanish and part Indian

distributary

a branch of a river that flows away from the main stream

Treaty of Fontainebleau

a secret treaty in which France agreed to give Louisiana to Spain.

Treaty of San Ildefonso

Secret treaty in which Spain gave Louisiana back to France

1803

the year the United States bought Louisiana from France: known as the Louisiana Purchase

Brackish

fresh and salt water mixed together

Cabildo

the Spanish city government for New Orleans; also the building that housed this organization

Napolean Bonaparte

French dictator after the French Revolution who sold Louisiana to the US for 15 million dollars

Treaty of San Lorenzo

also known as Pinckey's Treaty; a treaty in between Spain and the US in which Spain agreed to set the West Florida boundary at 31 latitude and reopen the Mississippi River to American trade

Islenos

A Spanish settler from the Canary Islands

Fort Maurepas

the first French settlement in Louisiana

LaSalle

claimed Louisiana for France in the name of King LouisXIV

Iberville

the first French governor of Louisiana

Mobile

became the capital of early French Louisiane

Bienville

Iberville's brother; became one of the earliest governors of French Louisiane; was governor for 30 years

Bienville

was convicted of corruption as governor for misuse of money and supplies and nepotism

Code Noir

the French laws used to regulate the growing number of slaves in the colony of Louisiana

O'Reilly Code

Spanish colonial law

DeSoto

Spanish explorer who discovered the Mississippi River

Caddo Indians

Indian culture located in Northwestern part of the state; a parish is named after them, and the city of Shreveport is in this parish

Vaudreuil

former governor of Louisiana who introduced Mardi Gras parties to Louisiana; he improved the levee system in Lousiane; his term is known as the Era of Good Feelings

Ursuline Nuns

order of nuns who came to New Orleans; established first school for girls and first charity hospital in New Orleans

England

country that acquired the most land in the North America after the French and Indian War

Rampart

an embankment or levee

Antoine Crozat

the first proprietor of French Lousiane

John Law

the second proprietor of French Louisiane; established the Company of the Indies

Land distribution after French and Indian War

England-Louisiana east of Mississippi River and New France in Canada

France-St. Dominque

Spain- Isle of Orleans and Louisiana east of the Mississippi River

Intendent

Spanish official in charge of the colony's economic affairs

matriarchal

a social and cultural system in which name and property is passed through the female

poverty point

name of Indian group who created on the largest Indian mounds in the US; located in northeast Louisiana near Epps, Louisiana

salt dome

a tall vertical column of salt squeezed up through the ground by extreme pressure

watson brake

archaeological site in Ouachita Parish, Louisiana from the Archaic period. Dated to about 5400 years ago, is considered the earliest mound complex in North America

tunica

near the Mississippi River. Until the early 1990s, the rural town was one of the most impoverished places in the United States,

atakapa

are an indigenous people of the Southeastern Woodlands, historically lived along the Gulf of Mexico. Europeans adopted this name from the competing Choctaw people, whom they first encountered. The people, made up of several bands, called themselves the Ishak, pronounced "ee-SHAK", which translates as "The People."[

natchez

It is named for the tribe of Native Americans, who with their ancestors, inhabited much of the area since the 8th century CE and through the French colonial period.

muskhogeans

family consists of six languages which are still spoken: Alabama, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek-Seminole, Koasati, and Mikasuki, as well as the now-extinct Apalachee, Houma, and Hitchiti (the last is generally considered a dialect of Mikasuki)

chitimiacha

are a Federally recognized tribe of Native Americans who live in the U.S. state of Louisiana, mainly on their reservation in St. Mary Parish near Charenton on Bayou Teche. They are the only indigenous people in the state who still control some of their original land, where they have long occupied areas of the Atchafalaya Basin, "one of the richest inland estuaries on the continent." In 2011 they numbered about 1100 people.

animism

he attribution of a soul to plants, inanimate objects, and natural phenomena

tunica treasure

largest collection of 18th-century Indian relics ever discovered. The artifacts include musket parts, iron tools, jewelry, French and tribal pottery, and over 200,000 European trade beads--more than all the beads ever found in the southeastern United States put together.

mercantilism

the economic theory that trade generates wealth and is stimulated by the accumulation of profitable balances, which a government should encourage by means of protectionism.

alosno alvarez de pineda

the first European to see the coastal areas of western Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas, lands he called "Amichel."[1] His map is the first known document of Texas history and was the first map of the Gulf Coast region of the United States.

panfilo de narvaez

new france

was the area colonized by France in North America during a period beginning with the exploration of the Saint Lawrence River by Jacques Cartier in 1534

conquistadors

a term used to refer to the soldiers and explorers of the Spanish Empire or the Portuguese Empire in a general sense

coureurs de bois

runner of the woods; plural: was an independent entrepreneurial French-Canadian woodsman who traveled in New France and the interior of North America.

father jacques marquette and louis joliet

was a French Canadian explorer known for his discoveries in North America. and a Catholic priest and missionary, were the first non-Natives to explore and map the Mississippi River in 1673.

henri de tonti

louis phelypeaux

known as the chancellor de Pontchartrain, was a French politician.

pierre la moyne, ibberville

was a French soldier, naval captain, and adventurer. He harried the British forces in North America and laid the foundations for Louisiana.

jean baptiste la moyne, bienville

was a colonizer, born in Montreal, New France, and an early, repeated governor of French Louisiana, appointed four separate times during 1701-1743. A younger brother of explorer Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville

louis antoine juchereau de saint denis

was a French-Canadian soldier and explorer best known for his exploration and development of the Louisiana (New France) and Spanish Texas regions. He commanded a small garrison at Fort de la Boulaye on the lower Mississippi River, built in 1700, and founded Fort St Jean Baptiste de Natchitoches in northern La Louisiane, as they called the French colony.

english turn

1699, Bienville, coming downstream, met the British who had come up river to choose site for a settlement. Bienville convinced Captain Lewis Banks that the territory was in possession of the French

fort maurepas

in colonial French Louisiana (New France), began in April 1699 along the Gulf of Mexico was the capital of Louisiana (New France) in 1719, when the capital was being moved from Mobile (in present-day Alabama), while government buildings at New Orleans were still under construction.

fort de la boulaye

is the site of a fort built by the French in 1699-1700, to support their claim of the Mississippi River and valley. Native Americans forced the French to vacate the fort by 1707

fort saint louis 1702

The settlement served as the capital of French Louisiana from 1702 until 1711

new for saint louis 1711 at mobile

when the capital was relocated to the site of present-day Mobile, Alabama

royal colony

was a type of colonial administration of the British overseas territories. colonies were ruled by a governor appointed by the monarch.

proprietary colony

a type of British colony mostly in North America and the Caribbean in the 17th century. In the British Empire, all land belonged to the ruler, and it was his prerogative to divide.

superior council

fort saint jean baptiste at natchitoches 1714

The settlement which became the town of Natchitoches was founded in 1714 by French Canadian Louis Antoine Juchereau de St. Denis as the first permanent European settlement in the lands later encompassed by the Louisiana Purchase.

fort rosalie 1716 natchez

a French fort built in 1716 in the territory of the Natchez Native Americans As part of the peace terms that ended the Natchez War of 1716, Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville required the Natchez to build the fort by providing materials and labo

company of the indies

corporation, which held a business monopoly in French colonies in North America and the West Indies, became one of the earliest examples of an economic bubble.

german coast

The area's name was derived from the large population of German pioneers who were settled along the Mississippi River in 1721 by John Law and the Company of the Indies. When the company folded in 1731, the Germans became independent land owners.[5]

mississippi bubble

natchez indian uprising

an attack by the Natchez people on French colonists near present-day Natchez, Mississippi, on November 29, 1729

chickasaw indian wars

fought in the 18th century between the Chickasaw allied with the British against the French and their allies the Choctaws and Illinois Confederation. The Province of Louisiana extended from Illinois to New Orleans, and the French fought to secure their communications along the Mississippi River.

battle of ace 1736

memorable battle between Chickasaw warriors and French chevaliers.

marronage

refers to the varying states involved in flight and survival

british west florida

was a colony of the Kingdom of Great Britain from 1763 until 1783 when it was ceded to Spain as part of the Peace of Paris.

revolt of 1768

was an unsuccessful attempt by Creole and German settlers around New Orleans, Louisiana to stop the handover of the French Louisiana Territory, as had been stipulated in the Treaty of Fontainebleau, to Spain in 1762.

acadians

a native or inhabitant of Acadia.

CANADIAN

a French-speaking descendant of the early French settlers in Acadia.

US

a descendant of the Acadians deported to Louisiana in the 18th century; a Cajun.

alejandro bloody oreilly

was an Irish-born military reformer and Inspector-General of Infantry for the Spanish Empire in the second half of the 18th century. O'Reilly served as the second Spanish governor of colonial Louisiana, and was the first Spanish official to exercise power in the Louisiana territory after France ceded it to Spain following defeat by Great Britain in the Seven Years War. For his much-appreciated services to the Crown of Spain, O'Reilly was ennobled as a conde (count), and granted a coat of arms.

james willing expedition

a former resident of Natchez, led a band of marauders down the Mississippi River from Pittsburgh. They wreaked havoc from Walnut Hills (Vicksburg) to Baton Rouge upon everyone suspected of being sympathetic to England.

bernardo de galvez

yo solo

oliver pollock

a merchant and financier of the American Revolutionary War,attributed with the creation of the U.S. Dollar sign in 1778sailed to North America at the age of 23 in 1760 with his father from his native Ireland to Philadelphia. He settled in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. Two years later, he began his career as a merchant, trading from port-to-port with the Spaniards in the West Indies, and was headquartered in Havana, Cuba. It was here that he became close with the Governor-General Alejandro O'Reilly. O'Reilly was later made the Governor of Louisiana by the King of Spain.

kantocks

natives to ketucky

esteban miro

during the American Revolutionary War and Anglo-Spanish War (1779-83), Miró was a part of the forces commanded by Bernardo de Gálvez in campaigns against the British in West Florida. Gálvez appointed Miró acting Governor of Louisiana (New Spain) on January 20, 1782. He became proprietary governor on December 16, After the war, Miró was a key figure in the boundary dispute with the U.S. over the northern boundary of West Florida.

good friday 1788

was a fire that destroyed 856 of the 1,100 structures in New Orleans

december 8 1894

don andres almonaster y rojas

was a Spanish civil servant of New Orleans, today chiefly remembered for his numerous charitable benefactions to the city.

french revolution

a period in the History of France, covering the years 1789-1799, in which the monarchy was overthrown and radical restructing was forced upon the Roman Catholic Church.

pere antoine

Though he was a favorite officiate of marriages and baptisms, he was also the Louisiana Commissary of the Inquisition

francisco luis hector de carondelet

appointed governor of the Spanish colonies of Louisiana and West Florida, from 1791 to 1797. Fluent in French, he was well regarded by the French Creole population. He established Louisiana's first newspaper, Le Moniteur. He made many improvements in the infrastructure of New Orleans, including the Carondelet Canal and the city's first street lighting. The street light tenders (attendants) served as watchmen and de facto municipal police

dionesio braud

gilbert guillemard

etienne de bore

a French planter who was known for producing the first granulated sugar in Spanish Louisiana, and essentially making sugar cane profitable as a commodity crop.

francois barbe marbois

1803 he negotiated the Louisiana Purchase treaty by which Louisiana was ceded to the United States, and was rewarded by the First Consul with a gift of 152,000 francs.

pierre clement de laussat

was a French politician, and the 24th Governor of Louisiana, the last under French rule

james wilkinson

appointed to be the first Governor of the Louisiana Territory in 1805,[3] and commanded two unsuccessful campaigns in the St. Lawrence River theater during the War of 1812. After his death, he was discovered to have been a paid agent of the Spanish crown. his actions have since been severely condemned by a number of historians and politicians such as Theodore Roosevelt, who stated "In all our history, there is no more despicable character.

arron burr

After a near-incident with Spanish forces at Natchitoches, Wilkinson decided he could best serve his conflicting interests by betraying Burr's plans to President Jefferson and to his Spanish paymasters. Jefferson issued an order for Burr's arrest, declaring him a traitor before any indictment.

robert futons new orleans

he first steamboat on the western waters of the United States. Owned by