Gov Unit 3 vocab

Civil Liberties

Personal freedoms guaranteed to all citizens and cannot be taken away

Civil rights

Government protected rights that protect all citizens from discrimination.

Establishment Clause

prohibits the establishment of religion by Congress.

Symbolic speech

nonverbal messages or form of communications. Ex. Flag burning wearing a arm band to protest

defamatory speech

An untrue statement that damages someone's reputation, which is not protected by the First Amendment

Free press

a press not restricted or controlled by government censorship

Selective incorporation

Process by which the bill of rights is applied to the states

Due Process Clause

5th amendment clause stating that no state may enforce any laws which shall deprive the privileges of citizens

Equal Protection Clause

14th amendment clause that prohibits states from denying equal protection under the law

Probable clause

reasonable grounds, a reasonable suspicion of crime

Indictment

a formal charge or accusation of a serious crime

privelages and immunities

prevents a state from treating citizens of other states in a discriminatory manner. Article 4

Miranda Rule

the constitutional rights which police must read to a suspect before questioning can occur

Exclusionary rule

improperly gathered evidence may not be introduced in a criminal trial

24th Amendment

Abolishes poll taxes

Affirmative action

A policy designed to redress past discrimination against minority groups through measures to improve their economic and educational opportunities

Libel

A written defamation of a person's character, reputation, business, or property rights.

Slander

spoken defamation

1st Amendment

Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition

2nd Amendment

Right to bear arms

3rd Amendment

No quartering of soldiers

4th Amendment

Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures

5th Amendment

The Right to Remain Silent/Double Jeopardy, right to due process

6th Amendment

Right to a fair, speedy trial

7th Amendment

Right to jury in civil trials.

8th Amendment

No cruel or unusual punishment and excessive bail

9th Amendment

Citizens entitled to rights not listed in the Constitution

10th Amendment

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

14th Amendment

Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws