psychopathology names dates and key figures.

who carried out the little albert case study where albert was classically conditioned to be afraid of animals

watson and rayner

What is the name of the statistical infrequency assessment tool used to measure depression?

Becks Depression Inventory(BDI)

What score on the BDI indicates severe depression?

30+ (Top5%of responds )

What score on the IQ test indicates intellectual disability disorder (IDD)

Below 70 Bottom 2%

What disorder do social norms play a part in diagnosing?

Schizotypal personality disorder

What's the average IQ?

100

what example disorder is linked to deviation from social norms ?

antisocial personality disorder

According to the DSM-5 what's an important symptom of ASPD

"Absence of protocol internal standards associated with failure to conform to lawful and culturally normative ethical behaviour"

What was a historical diagnosis which defines a woman's uncontrollable or excessive sexual desire?

Nymphomania

What is a historical diagnosis used for black slaves running away/

Drapetomania

Who proposed additional signs that can be used to determine whether someone is not coping (failure to function adequately)?

Rosenham and Seligman

Who suggested ideal mental health meets a certain criteria

Jahoda

Acronym for Rosenham and Selgimans criteria for failure to function adequately?

My very poor uncle is often unwell

What does this acronym stand for?

1. My - Maladaptive behaviour (danger to self)
2. Very - violation of moral standards
3. Poor - personal distress
4. Uncle -unconventionality- stands out
5. Is - irrationality
6. Often -observer discomfort
7. Unwell - Unpredictability

Jahoda's criteria for ideal mental health acronym

ASPIRE

what does ASPIRE acronym stand for?

Accurate perception of reality
Self actualisation
Positive attitude towards self
Independence (autonomy)
Resistance to stress
Environmental mastery

what percentage of people in the uk experience a mental health problem in a given year?

25%

who created the two process model of phobias

Mowrer

What famous study shows how a frightening experience involving stimulus can lead to a phobia of that stimulus?

The Little Albert Study

Who found that a significant proportion of people with a fear of dental treatment had experienced a traumatic experience?

De Jongh et al

what percentage of people with a fear of dental treatment experienced the traumatic experience?

73%

what percentage of people within the control group who had low dental anxiety has experienced a traumatic experience?

Only 21%

Who conducted the Little Albert experiment?

Watson and Rayner

Who suggested that phobias may be explained by evolutionary theory

This is called preparedness

Who followed up 42 people who had systematic desensitisation for phobia in 3 45 minute sessions and compared to a control group treated by relaxation without exposure?

Gilroy et al.

In a recent review

who concluded that systematic desensitisation is effective for specific phobias

how many people did __ follow up for systematic desensitisation for phobia?

42 people

Fill in gaps.
at both and months the systematic desensitisation group will last fearful than a control group.

three and 33 months

Who found that participant and therapist rated flooding are significantly more stressful than systematic desensitisation?

Schumacher et al.

Limitation: behavioural therapies only mask symptoms and do not tackle the underlying cause. Who reported the case of a woman with a phobia of death who was treated using flooding and although her fear of death declined her fear of being criticised got worse?

Persons

Who and when took a cognitive approach to explaining why some people are more vulnerable to depression and then others? Hint: Triad

Beck (1967)

Who and when suggested a different cognitive explanation of depression? Hint: ABC

Ellis (1962)

in a review who concluded that not only were cognitive vulnerability more common in depressed people but preceded the depression ?

Clark and Beck

Who conducted a more recent perspective study tracking the development of 473 adolescent regularly measuring cognitive vulnerability?

Cohen et al

how many adolescents in the recent prospective study was the development tracked of?

473 adolescents

Who concluded cognitive vulnerabilities allow psychologist to screen young people identifying those at risk of developing depression in the future and monitoring them?

Cohen et al

Who provided evidence to support the idea that RET can both change negative beliefs and relieve symptoms of depression?

David et al

Who conducted a study comparing CBT to antidepressant drugs and a combination of both treatment?

March et al.

how many people were involved in the study which compared CBT

antidepressant drugs and combination? hint: adolescents

after how many weeks did they measure significant improvement in March et al's study?

36 weeks

after 36 weeks

how many of the CBT group

How many sessions do CBT usually require?

six to 12 sessions

Who suggested that any form of psychotherapy is not suitable for people with learning disabilities?

Sturmey

who reported the case of a women who experienced flooding to treat her fear of death and while her fear of death declined

her fear of criticism got worse

who proposed the negative triad theory stating that depressed people have depressive schemas that prompt dysfunctional and pessimistic thoughts about the world

the self

who developed the abc model of depression

ellis

who created cbt that aims to identify negative thoughts about the world

self and future

who found that when treated 327 depressed adolescents

after 36 weeks that using cbt was 81% effective

In a review who concluded that CBT was as effective as antidepressant drugs and behavioural therapy for severe depression?

Lewis and Lewis

In another review who concluded that when used appropriately CBT is effective for people learning disabilities?

Taylor et al

who found that when assessing depression in 439 clients every month for 12 months after cbt that 53% relapsed within a year?

ali et al

How many people did Ali et als study assess and how often were they assessed

439 clients every month for 12 months

What percentage of clients relapse back into depression after CBT in six months?

42%

what percentage of clients relapsed back into depression after CBT within a year?

53%

who found that in 473 adolescents that cognitive vulnerability predicted later depression

cohen

Who found that the press people rated CBT as their least preferred psychological therapy?

Yrondi et al

who analysed findings of previous studies and found evidence that up to 230 genes may be involved in OCD?

Taylor

Who reviewed twin studies and found that 68% of identical twins(MZ) share OCD as opposed to 31% of non-identical(DZ) twins?

Nestadt et al.

Who found that over half the OCD clients in the sample had experienced traumatic event in their past?

Cromer et al

Who reviewed 17 studies investigating the effects of ssris on reducing ocd symptoms

finding the

typically sometimes reduced for what percentage of people taking SSRI's?

70%

Who carried out a systematic review of 17 outcome studies and concluded that both cognitive and behavioural therapies were more effective than SSRI's in the treatment of OCD?

Skapinaki et al

Who observed ocd patients and found that 37% had parents with ocd and 21% had siblings with ocd

Lewis

Who reviewed studies and found that 68% of mz twins shared ocd opposed to only 31% of dz twins

Nestadt et al

Who found that your four times more likely to develop OCD if your family member is diagnosed?

Marino and Stebnicki

Who proposed the criteria for ideal mental health: no sign of distress

can cope with stress

Who pointed out many studies on drug treatment are done by the pharmaceutical companies so may be biased

Goldacre

What are the three behavioural characteristic of phobias

Panic avoidance and endurance(remain in presence of phobic stimulus)

What are the three emotional characteristics of phobias?

Anxiety

What are the three cognitive characteristics of phobias?

Selective attention to the phobic stimulus

What are the three behavioural characteristics of depression?

Activity levels

Why are the three emotional characteristics of depression?

Lowered mood

What are the three cognitive characteristics of depression?

Poor concentration

What are the three behavioural characteristics of OCD?

Compulsions are repetitive

What are the three emotional characteristics of OCD?

Anxiety and distress

What are cognitive characteristics of OCD?

Obsessive thoughts

Give two alternatives to SSRI?

Tricyclics
SNRIs

What two brain regions have been implicated in OCD?

Basal ganglia
Orbitofrontal cortex

OCD seems to be associated with impaired decision making. What areas of the brain are associated with impaired decision-making and explain?

Some cases of OCD (i.e. hoarding)

Give two examples of genes linked to OCD?

• The COMT gene

When do people begin to consider alternative to SSRI?

After 3 to 4 months of ineffectiveness

What probability of people taking trycyclic clomipramine experience side effects and what are the side effects ?

1 in 10 people experience erection problems and weight gain 1 in 100 become aggressive and experienced heart related problems.

What drug to treat OCD causes more common and serious side effects?

Tricyclic clomipramine

What percentage of people have symptoms reduced after taking SSRIs?

70%

What happens to the remaining 30% of people who don't have treatments reduced after taking SSRIs?

They can be helped by alternative drugs or a combination of drugs and psychological therapies.