WHAP U1 L1.1 - CHINA

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Three Kingdom Period

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covers sui-song china, unit 1 AP World 1200-1450

19 Terms

1

Three Kingdom Period

Period of political instability and warring states after the collapse of the Han dynasty

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2

Grand Canal

Canal built in the Sui Dynasty to transport food from South to North

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3

Civil Service Exam

Exam that determined bureaucracy staff; focus on Confucian values

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4

Middle Kingdom

The idea Chinese leader held that they were the center around which others revolved

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5

Mahayana Buddhism

More accessible to a large population: allowed worshipers to live ordinary lives, not just monks. Included the idea of bodhisatttvas (fully enlightened beings postponing their liberation to help humanity), and made Buddha into a god. Popular salvation religion

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6

Theravada Buddhism

Less accessible: rigorous, long meditation and no accessible supernatural figures. Thought of gods as insignificant in achieving nirvana, and Buddha was not thought of as a god

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7

Tibetan Buddhism

Emphasized awareness of/preparation for death with many spiritual practices; originated in 7th century

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8

Confucianism

Derived from Confucius, the non-divine, official ideology of China. Focused on moral behavior (junzi for men) and unequal relationships in society. Valued filial piety, education, personal reflection

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9

Daoism

Derived from Laozi, the opposite of Confucianism that was still practiced as a complement to it. Valued withdrawal into nature (dao: way of nature), individualism, spontaneity, simple living

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10

Mandate of Heaven

A supernatural right of the emperor to lead based on Confucianism. Used to legitimize power, but also provided grounds for peasant revolts/dynasty ends when emperor was deemed ineffective

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11

Neoconfucianism

Syncretic religion mixing Buddhism and Confucianism

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12

Chan/Zen Buddhism

Syncretic religions mixing Buddhism and Daoism

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13

Foot binding

Restrictive practice on women used to create more attractive, dainty feet. Represented women’s limited independence/rights in patriarchal China

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14

Tributary relationship

China’s imposed influence/dominance over its neighbors, resulting in a tributary relationship where other countries paid respect to the Chinese emperor by paying tribute (goods, money, etc.)

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15

Scholar Gentry

The new class of educated government officials accompanying the revival of the CSE/imperial bureaucracy. Eventually overtook the aristocracy in terms of power/numbers

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16

Flying cash

A primitive banking system that allowed the transfer of cash over large distances without actually carrying it: cashing in money at one location, then withdrawing that amount at another location

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17

Equal field system

Tang land reform policy assigning more land to peasants and taking land from the aristocracy; meant less to help peasants, more to decrease aristocrat power

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18

Commercialization

Transition between production for local markets/use to a bigger, more global scale involving larger, foreign markets

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19

Proto-industrialization

Phase before actual industrialization of commercialization of markets and development of large enterprises catering to an international audience

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