chem

Pressure

force divided by pressure

newton

SI unit for force

pascal

SI unit for pressure

one standard atmosphere (atm)

1.00, standard pressure

diffusion

movement of particles from high density to low density

effusion

movement of gas particles under pressure through a tiny opening

ideal gas

perfectly elastic, no energy lost, no forces, no interaction in collision

Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure

total pressure of mixture of gases

mole fraction

fraction of moles of gas x / total number of mols

solution

homogenous mixture

solvent

substance doing the dissolving

solute

substance being dissolved

concentration

strength of a solution

Molarity

mol / L

solubility

ability of one substance to dissolve in another at given temp. and pressure

miscible

2+ liquids able to be dissolved in one another

immiscible

2+ liquids that don’t dissolve into one another

super saturated solution

above line, containing more solvent than solute can dissolve

saturated solution

on line, solvent is evenly dissolved in solute and cannot dissolve more

unsaturated solution

able to dissolve more solvent

strong acid/base

complete dissociation into ions (HCl, HNO3, H2SO4 / any OH-)

weak acid/base

small fraction ionized (CH3COOH, HNO2, H2SO3 / NH3)

Arrhenius acid

donates H+

arrhenius base

donates OH-

Bronsted-Lowry acid

proton donor (H+)

Bronsted-Lowry base

proton acceptor

monoprotic acid/base

can donate 1 H+

polyprotic acid/base

can donate/accept 2+ H+

amphiprotic

can act as either acid or base

pH

power of Hydrogen, express acidity or alkalinity

indicator

measures pH

pH meter

most accurate measurement of pH

neutralization

reaction between strong acid and base to create water + salt

titration

determines concentration of substance in solution by adding solution of known volume and concentration, reaction ends in color change

equivalence point

concentrations of H+ and OH- are equal

end point

color change at end of titration