Overview of Major Endocrine Glands and Their Functions

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8 Terms

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Pituitary gland

Called the 'master gland'; controls other endocrine glands; located in the brain below the hypothalamus; 1 gland

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Pineal gland

Releases melatonin to regulate sleep/wake cycles; located in the center of the brain; 1 gland

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Thyroid gland

Controls metabolism, growth, and energy; located in the throat; 1 gland

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Parathyroid glands

Regulate blood calcium levels using parathyroid hormone (PTH); located behind the thyroid gland; 4 glands

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Adrenal glands

Produce cortisol, aldosterone, and adrenaline for stress and balance; located on top of each kidney; 2 glands

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Pancreas

Regulates blood sugar with insulin and glucagon; located in the abdomen behind the stomach; 1 gland (endocrine part)

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Gonads (Testes/Ovaries)

Produce sex hormones (testosterone, estrogen, progesterone); located in scrotum (testes) or pelvis (ovaries); 2 glands

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Thymus

Helps develop immune cells (T-cells), especially in children; near midline in anterior portion of body; 1 gland