Lina E Chapter 8: Endocrinology

Pituitary gland

“Master gland”

Thyroid gland

gland in the neck region that produces thyroxin

Parathyroid gland

glands around/work with the thyroid gland

Adrenal glands

Glands on the kidneys that produce epinephrine

Pancreas

creates insulin

Testes

The male reproductive organs that create testosterone

Ovaries

Female reproductive organs that create estrogen

Thyoxin

Hormone secreted by the thyroid. Increases metabolic reactions andis associated with energy, growth, and development.

Calcitonin

Another hormone sec rested by the thyroid. Lowes the blood calcium and phosphate levels.

Synthroid

Artificial form of thyroxine

Hypothyroidism

Disorder associated with the deficiency of thyroxin

Cretinism

Deficiency of thyroxine, can result in short stature or development delays.

Hyperthyroidism

Disorder associated with an excess of thyroxin

Parathyroid hormone

Increases blood calcium levels and lowers blood phosphate levels.

Hypocalcemia

deficiency of PTH, also known as osteoporosis

Adrenal medulla

Inner section of the adrenal gland. Produces epinephrine and increases metabolic rate, heart rate, breathing, and blood flow.

Adrenal cortex

Outer section of the adrenal gland. Produces aldosterone and causes kidneys to retain salt and water, and excrete potassium into the urine.

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Neurotransmitter, often secreted during exercise.

Aldosterone

Mineralocorticoids, or a steroid hormone

Cortisol

The stress hormone

Addison’s disease

Low cortisol

Cushing’s disease

High cortisol

Insulin

Lowers blood sugar level

Glucagon

raises blood sugar level

Diabetes mellitus

A disorder associated with high blood sugar caused by defects in insulin secretion.

Glycogenesis

The creation of glycogen from glucose

Glycogenolysis

The process of turning glycogen back into glucose

Testosterone

Masculinizing hormone

Estrogen

Feminizing hormone

Progesterone

Increases vascularization of the uterus

Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)

What pregnancy tests test for

Placenta

Organ that provides nutrition and oxygen to the fetus during pregnancy

Gestation

pregnancy

What are the two parts of the pituitary gland?

The anterior and posterion

WHat are two hormones made by the pituitary gland?

ADH (antidiuretic hormone) and oxytocin

Antidiuretic hormone

Causes kidneys to retain water and excrete small volumes of urine

Oxytocin

Stimulates labor contractions and milk let-down in nursing

Pitocin

Synthetic oxytocin

What are the five hormones made by the anterior pituitary gland?

Adrenocorticotropin, gonadotropins, prolactin, growth hormone, and follicle stimulation hormone.

Thyrotropin

Stimulates thyroid gland

Adrenocorticotropin

stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

stimulates gonads to secrete gametes and sex hormones

Luteinizing hormone

stimulates gonads to secrete gametes and sex hormones

Growth hormone

stimulates growth in body

Prolactin

stimulates mammary glands to produce milk

Gonad

Means “sex organ”

Tropic

Means “affect”

Adeno

means “gland”