Lina E Chapter 8: Endocrinology

Pituitary gland

“Master gland”

Thyroid gland

gland in the neck region that produces thyroxin

Parathyroid gland

glands around/work with the thyroid gland

Adrenal glands

Glands on the kidneys that produce epinephrine

Pancreas

creates insulin

Testes

The male reproductive organs that create testosterone

Ovaries

Female reproductive organs that create estrogen

Thyoxin

Hormone secreted by the thyroid. Increases metabolic reactions andis associated with energy, growth, and development.

Calcitonin

Another hormone sec rested by the thyroid. Lowes the blood calcium and phosphate levels.

Synthroid

Artificial form of thyroxine

Hypothyroidism

Disorder associated with the deficiency of thyroxin

Cretinism

Deficiency of thyroxine, can result in short stature or development delays.

Hyperthyroidism

Disorder associated with an excess of thyroxin

Parathyroid hormone

Increases blood calcium levels and lowers blood phosphate levels.

Hypocalcemia

deficiency of PTH, also known as osteoporosis

Adrenal medulla

Inner section of the adrenal gland. Produces epinephrine and increases metabolic rate, heart rate, breathing, and blood flow.

Adrenal cortex

Outer section of the adrenal gland. Produces aldosterone and causes kidneys to retain salt and water, and excrete potassium into the urine.

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Neurotransmitter, often secreted during exercise.

Aldosterone

Mineralocorticoids, or a steroid hormone

Cortisol

The stress hormone

Addison’s disease

Low cortisol

Cushing’s disease

High cortisol

Insulin

Lowers blood sugar level

Glucagon

raises blood sugar level

Diabetes mellitus

A disorder associated with high blood sugar caused by defects in insulin secretion.

Glycogenesis

The creation of glycogen from glucose

Glycogenolysis

The process of turning glycogen back into glucose

Testosterone

Masculinizing hormone

Estrogen

Feminizing hormone

Progesterone

Increases vascularization of the uterus

Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)

What pregnancy tests test for

Placenta

Organ that provides nutrition and oxygen to the fetus during pregnancy

Gestation

pregnancy