Biology Test #4

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Role: lipid synthesis (sex cells), carbohydrate metabolism (muscle cells), detoxification (liver cells)

ex. Synthesis phospholipid, steroids, oils

increase volume of smooth ER in sex cells, liver cells, and muscle cells

Testicles—> Testosterone

Ovaries—>estrogen

Mitochondria

Site of Cellular Respiration—>(glucose)

Two membranes

A.) Outer membrane

B.) Inner membrane

• folds of the inner membrane are called cristae

• interior of membrane is called matrix

Chloroplast

Site of Photosynthesis

Made up of thylakoids(Pancakes) which are the sites of photosynthesis

A stack of thylakoids are known as granum

green pigment that is responsible for light absorption: chlorophyll

Golgi apparatus (Amazon of the cell)

The shipping and receiving center of the cell

Products of the ER are modified, stored, and transported

flattened membrane of Golgi apparatus known as the cristernae

2 sites for the Golgi Apparatus

A.) Cis(receiving)

B.) Trans(shipping)

Responsible for tagging vesticles for certain areas of the cell

Exocytosis(exit)

Endocytosis(enter)

Peroxisome

Bound metablic compartment used to

• 1.) Break down fatty acids for energy

• 2.) Detoxify the cell ex. seeding

  ex. eating seeds

Lysosome

“self destruct”

Membranous sac of hydrolytic enzyme

• uses process known as Phagocytosis—> take in “Gulp” molecules

• can be responsible for Antodigestion —> self breakdown of cell

Vacuole

H20 storage unit for plant cells ex. Turgid pressure

Unicellular organisms use vacuole for digestion and storage of nutrients

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Don’t have ribosomes. results to why it is smooth

• Connected to the nucleus

• accounts for more than ½ the cell

• membranes tubules known as cisterae

• internal patterns known as lumen

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Ribosome is attached to the surface

• Role: Glycoprotein synthesis (Responsible for cell communication)

What is the difference between the Smooth and Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?

is that the smooth has no ribosomes and the rough has ribosomes that makes it rough

Equation for glucose

C6H12O6+O2—> CO2+ H2O+ATP

Extra Credit: Write an equation that demonstrates the reaction of ATP and the release of energy?

ATP—> ADP + p3- + energy

Why is a high volume of Peroxisome important in seedlings?

Breaks down fatty acids for energy seedlings need energy to grow

Equation for Photosynthesis

Light + CO2 + H2O —> C6 H12 O6 + O2