chapter 15- sentencing

What is the most critical stage in the criminal justice process?

The sentence.

What is a recidivist?

A repeat offender who commits two or more crimes.

What are the purposes of a criminal sentence?

Retribution, deterrence, and rehabilitation.

Who determines the sentence?

The judge.

What are aggravating and mitigating circumstances?

Factors that influence the severity of the sentence.

What is a suspended sentence?

An unsupervised sentence that does not have to be served at the time it is given.

What is probation?

Supervised release after sentencing with certain rules to follow.

What is home confinement?

Defendant serves their term at home with a monitoring bracelet.

What is a fine?

A monetary penalty set by the court.

What is restitution?

Payment made by the defendant to the victim for injury or loss.

What is work release?

Defendant works in the community but returns to jail at night.

What is imprisonment?

Defendant is sentenced to serve time in jail or prison.

What is Pre-Trial Intervention (PTI)?

A program for non-violent offenders that can only be received once.

What is capital punishment?

Also known as the death penalty, used for the most serious crimes.

What is the Eighth Amendment?

It protects against cruel and unusual punishment.

What is the purpose of punishment?

To show society that laws must be abided by.

What is retribution?

Punishment for doing something wrong.

What is deterrence?

Punishment that discourages future crimes.

What is rehabilitation?

Helping convicts change their behavior.

What is incapacitation?

Separating criminals from society to protect the community.

What is parole?

Release from prison before the full sentence is completed under supervision.

What are the conditions of parole supervision?

Obey laws, refrain from drugs, attend counseling, and more.

What is the difference between jail and prison?

Jail is for 365 days or less; prison is for longer sentences.

What are some problems with prison overcrowding?

Fights, riots, drug use, and sexual assault.

What happens to illegal immigrants convicted of a crime?

They will be deported after serving their sentence.

What are the three phases of reentry into society?

Correctional education, transition to society, and long-term support.