BOLD Test

Who was Marcion and what did he believe

A 2nd-century figure who rejected the Old Testament and promoted a shortened New Testament canon. He emphasized a God of love separate from the Old Testament deity

Who were the masoretes and what did the do

Jewish scribes (6th-10th c. CE) who standardized the Hebrew text, vocalization, and marginal notes

What is the Masoretic text

The standardized medieval Hebrew text of the Old Testament, which underlies most modern translations

What are the Torah, Pentateuch, and Books of Moses

The first five books of the Bible

What does “law” often refer to in the Old Testament

The Torah; it can also mean legal, ceremonial, or moral instructions

What is the TaNaK

An acronym for the Hebrew Bible, (Torah, Nevi’im, Ketuvim)

What is typology in biblical interpretation

A reading people/events in the Old Testament as foreshadowing of New Testament realities

What is the Septuagint

The Greek translation of the Hebrew Scriptures, widely used in the New Testament era

What is a covenant

A solemn, binding agreement

What are Enuma, Elish, and Gilgamesh

Babylonian and Mesopotamian epics with flood narratives and other parallels to Old Testament stories

What is the documentary hypothesis

A scholarly theory that the Pentateuch derives from multiple sources (JEPD) edited together

What are Yahweh and Elohim

Yahweh is the personal name of God in the Old Testament. Elohim is a generic Hebrew word for God

What are the key rivers

Tigris. Euphrates, Nile, Jordan

What are the main regions in the geographic world of the Old Testament

Mesopotamia, Levantine/Canaan, Sinai, Peninsula, Egypt

What is the Fertile Crescent

The curve from Mesopotamia to the Levant to Egypt. It was important for trade, settlement, and imperial politics

What is verbal plenary inspiration

The belief that God inspired the very words of Scripture, making it authoritative and inerrant in the original manuscripts

What is dynamic inspiration

The belief that God inspired the authors’ thoughts, but their human expression varies

What is “sola scriptura”

The belief that Scripture is the final authority

Why is it important to study the Old Testament

It provides the foundation for New Testament theology, helps us understood Jesus’ roots, and reveals God’s dealings with humanity

What are some elements of continuity between the Old and New Testaments

Promises, covenants law, and prophecy are fulfilled in Christ

What are some elements of discontinuity

Ceremonial/liturgical laws are fulfilled and reinterpreted

What is Typology

Old Testament persons/events foreshadows New Testament ones

What are the original languages of the Old Testament

Primarily Biblical Hebrew, with substantial Aramaic sections

How many books are in the Protestant Old Testament

39 books

What are the major divisions of the Hebrew Bible

Torah (law), Nevi‘I’m (prophets), Ketuvim (writings)

What are the major divisions of the English Old Testament

Law (Pentateuch), History, poetry/wisdom, Major Prophets, Minor Prophets

What is the Noahic covenant

A universal covenant after the flood, with the rainbow as its sign. God promises never to flood the earth again

What is the Abraham covenant

Promise of land, offspring, and blessing to nations with circumstances as the sign

What is the Mosaic covenant

The law given at Sinai, a conditional covenant with blessings and curses

What is the David covenant

A promise of an enduring dynasty, leading to messianic expectations

What is the New Covenant

A future covenant of internalizing law and forgiveness, fulfilled in Christ

What are the major pivot points from Genesis to Exodus

Creation → Fall → Flood → Babel _> Call of Abraham → Patriarchal narratives → Joseph’s descent to Egypt → Isreal’s growth in Egypt → Exodus deliverance and covenant at Sinai

What is the major pivot that sets the stage for the Exodus

Joseph’s settling in Egypt

What are the different terms for the first five books of the Bible

Torah (Hebrew), Pentateuch (Greek), Books of Moses

What is the scope of Genesis

From creation to Josephs death in Egypt

What is the scope of Exodus

From the birth of Moses to the dedication of the tabernacle

What are the main themes of Genesis

Origins, sin, the election of Abraham, and the promise to bless nations

What does Genesis mean

Original/Birth

What does “bere’shith” mean

In the beginning

What is the sabbath

The seventh day of rest

What does “Toledo to” mean

Generations/descendants/accounts

What is the “image of God”

The idea that humans are made to reflect God

What is the protoevangelium

Genesis 3:15, the first isn’t of the gospel

What is a Ziggurat

A Mesopotamian stepped tower

Who were the Nephilim

Giants or “the fallen”

What are Terphim

Household idols/figurines

What is theophany

A visible appearance of God

What do ante-diluvian and post-diluvian mean

Before and after the flood

Who was Seth

The son given after able’s death, leading to Noah

Who was Enoch

He “walked with God” and was taken by God

Who was Methuselah

The longest-lived person in the Bible

Who was Noah

The righteous man who built the ark

Who were Isaac, Jacob, and Esau

Sons and grandsons of Abraham

Who were the twelve

The sons of Jacob, founders of Israel; Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher, Issachar