HWH U4- The Middle Ages

The Byzantine Empire

An ancient empire located near the black sea. Has lots of trade routes. Held major cities like Constantinople.

Theodora

Wife of Emperor of Byzantine, Justinian.

Justinian

Emperor of Byzantine

Constantinople (“the city”)

A city in The Byzantine Empire, the main city.

Muhammad

The Islamic prophet, known in Islam as the final prophet. Created Islam.

Mecca

A city in Saudi Arabia, known as the holiest place for Muslims.

Allah

The all powerful god in Islam.

Islam

An Arabic religion. Made by Muhammad, the last and greatest prophet.

Medina

A very big Islamic pilgrimage city. Known for where Muhammad went.

The Five Pillars of faith

The method to live a good life and become closer to god in Islam. (Faith, Prayer, Alms, Fasting, Haij)

Quran

The Islam holy book

Ka’ba

The sacred cube shaped black stone in Mecca

Shari’a

System of law that regulates the family life, moral conduct, and business and community life of Muslims.

Hijrah

The pilgrimage Muhammed took from Mecca to Medina.

Justinian Code

A code of various laws made under the rule of Justinian in the Byzantine Empire

Jihad

A spiritual struggle with ones self and their sin in Islam.

Shia & Sunni

Different branches of Islam. (Sunni- believes that everyone should take after Muhammad/ Shi'a- believe that Muhammeds son-in-law Ali should have succeeded Muhammad)

Abbasid Dynasty

Dynasty of rulers who ruled an empire. Their capital was Baghdad, and they were killed by Mongols.

Baghdad

The capital of The Abbasid Dynasty.

Feudalism

A political arrangement with a small central monarchy ruling over smaller states.

Hagia Sophia

A Byzantine place of worship, now a mosque.

Council of Nicea

A council for bishops in the city of Nicea.

Byzantine monasticism

The devotion of one's life to living an asteic life.

Schism of 1054

The schism that split Christianity into 2, Roman Cathlioc and Eastern Orthodox.

Eastern Orthodox Church

Developed after the Schism of 1054. It is the second largest church and it is governed by bishops.

Slavic peoples

Indo-European people in Europe, mainly christian.

Caliph

A religious and political leader. He was the chief ruler and regarded as the successor of Muhammad.

Umayyad Dynasty

The ruling family of Caliphate.

Harun al-Rashid

The Caliph of Baghdad. He was known as a very good leader and lead during the start of the Islamic golden age

al-Andalus

Muslim ruled area on the peninsula of modern day Spain and Portugal.

Khadija

The first wife of Muhammad and first Islamic follower, also a very successful business woman.

Madrasa/Madaares

An Islamic word for educational institution.

Charlemagne

The first emperor of Holy Rome.

Holy Roman Empire

A political entity all across Medieval Europe.