HWH U4- The Middle Ages

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The Byzantine Empire

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The Byzantine Empire

An ancient empire located near the black sea. Has lots of trade routes. Held major cities like Constantinople.

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Theodora

Wife of Emperor of Byzantine, Justinian.

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Justinian

Emperor of Byzantine

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Constantinople (“the city”)

A city in The Byzantine Empire, the main city.

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Muhammad

The Islamic prophet, known in Islam as the final prophet. Created Islam.

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Mecca

A city in Saudi Arabia, known as the holiest place for Muslims.

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Allah

The all powerful god in Islam.

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Islam

An Arabic religion. Made by Muhammad, the last and greatest prophet.

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Medina

A very big Islamic pilgrimage city. Known for where Muhammad went.

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The Five Pillars of faith

The method to live a good life and become closer to god in Islam. (Faith, Prayer, Alms, Fasting, Haij)

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Quran

The Islam holy book

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Ka’ba

The sacred cube shaped black stone in Mecca

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Shari’a

System of law that regulates the family life, moral conduct, and business and community life of Muslims.

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Hijrah

The pilgrimage Muhammed took from Mecca to Medina.

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Justinian Code

A code of various laws made under the rule of Justinian in the Byzantine Empire

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Jihad

A spiritual struggle with ones self and their sin in Islam.

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Shia & Sunni

Different branches of Islam. (Sunni- believes that everyone should take after Muhammad/ Shi'a- believe that Muhammeds son-in-law Ali should have succeeded Muhammad)

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Abbasid Dynasty

Dynasty of rulers who ruled an empire. Their capital was Baghdad, and they were killed by Mongols.

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Baghdad

The capital of The Abbasid Dynasty.

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Feudalism

A political arrangement with a small central monarchy ruling over smaller states.

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Hagia Sophia

A Byzantine place of worship, now a mosque.

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Council of Nicea

A council for bishops in the city of Nicea.

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Byzantine monasticism

The devotion of one's life to living an asteic life.

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Schism of 1054

The schism that split Christianity into 2, Roman Cathlioc and Eastern Orthodox.

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Eastern Orthodox Church

Developed after the Schism of 1054. It is the second largest church and it is governed by bishops.

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Slavic peoples

Indo-European people in Europe, mainly christian.

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Caliph

A religious and political leader. He was the chief ruler and regarded as the successor of Muhammad.

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Umayyad Dynasty

The ruling family of Caliphate.

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Harun al-Rashid

The Caliph of Baghdad. He was known as a very good leader and lead during the start of the Islamic golden age

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al-Andalus

Muslim ruled area on the peninsula of modern day Spain and Portugal.

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Khadija

The first wife of Muhammad and first Islamic follower, also a very successful business woman.

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Madrasa/Madaares

An Islamic word for educational institution.

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Charlemagne

The first emperor of Holy Rome.

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Holy Roman Empire

A political entity all across Medieval Europe.

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