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Drug
Chemical substance that is taken to cause changes in a person’s body or behavior
Alcohol
Kind of drug called depressant
Depressant
Drug that slows brain and body reactions
What does alcohol cause by slowing the body’s normal reactions?
Confusion, decreased alertness, poor coordination, blurred vision, and drowsiness - What does alcohol cause
How is alcohol produced?
Fermentation
Fermentation
Microorganisms called yeast feed on the sugars in certain foods
Alcohol content of alcoholic beverages percentage
4-50%
Zero-tolerance policy
Students face stiff consequences the first time they are caught with alcohol or other drugs on school grounds
What influences underage drinking?
Peers, family, media
Risk factors of drinking alcohol
Being injured or killed in a motor vehicle crash
Being a victim of sexual assault or violence
Legal risks for underage drinking
Seizure of property, fines, or loss of driver’s license.
Five depressant effects of alcohol
Confusion, decreased alertness, poor coordination, blurred vision, drowsiness
Steps to develop refusal skills
Give reason for refusal; use body language to reinforce what you say; show concern for others; provide alternatives; take definite action
Intoxication
State in which a person’s mental and physical abilities are impaired by alcohol or another substance
What does intoxication affect?
Nervous systems, cardiovascular system, digestive system, excretory system
Blackout
Period of time that a drinker cannot recall
Blood Alcohol Concentration
Amount of alcohol in a person’s blood, expressed as a percentage
Things that affect BAC
Rate of alcohol consumption; gender/size of drinker; how much food is in stomach
Hangover
The aftereffects of drinking too much alcohol
Symptoms of hangover
Nausea, upset stomach, headache, sensitivity to noise
What does intoxication increase?
Risk of death from motor vehicle crashes, alcohol overdose, interactions of alcohol with other drugs
Driving while intoxicated
Charge given to a driver over the age of 21 caught driving with a BAC that exceeds the legal limit of 0.08
Overdose
Taking an excessive amount of a drug that leads to coma or death
Binge drinking
The consumption of excessive amounts of alcohol at one sitting
Long term alcohol abuse harms ___________
Brain, liver, heart, digestive system
What can alcohol abuse do?
Destroy nerve cells, cause fetal alcohol syndrome, damage the liver, increase blood pressure, irregular heartbeat, buildup of fatty deposits in the heart muscle lead to cancers
Loss of nerve cells affects _______
memory, concentration, and judgment
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Group of birth defects caused by the effects of alcohol on a fetus
Cirrhosis
A disease of the liver that may lead to liver failure and death
Alcoholism
Disease in which people can no longer control their use of alcohol
Tolerance
Results when repeated use of alcohol causes it to have less of an effect on the brain
Dependence
Brain develops a chemical need for alcohol and cannot function normally without it
Addiction
Drinker no longer has control over their drinking
Stages of alcoholism
Problem drinking becomes absolute dependence, then late stage alcoholism
Reverse-tolerance
Condition in which less and less alcohol causes intoxication
Three stages in alcoholic recovery
Acknowledge problem, detoxification, rehabilitation
Detoxification
Removing all alcohol from a person’s body
Withdrawal
Group of systems that occur when a dependent person stops taking a drug
Rehabilitation
Process of learning to cope with everyday living without alcohol
Sticking to your decision not to drink
Being able to say no with confidence in situations where other people are drinking
Refusal skills
Skills needed to say no
Ways to develop refusal skills
Practice saying no in role-playing situations with friends or classmates
Ways to stay alcohol free
Avoid situations in which alcohol is present
Alternatives to parties
Sports or hobbies
What to do if you need a safe drive home
Call parent, trusted adult, or taxi
Note
Flashcard