physics - energy

internal energy =

kinetic energy + potential energy

kinetic energy

energy from movement

faster → more it has

potential

stored energy based on position

how high something is

thermal energy

heat energy

more thermal energy → hotter object

solid , liquid , gas particles

have kinetic energy

because they’re always moving

the hotter the material

the larger kinetic store of energy

(faster particles)

gas particles

have more internal energy

because they have more kinetic & potential energy

heating changes the energy stored in a system by..

increasing the energy of the particles in a system

energy transfers from

hotter → cooler substances

temperature is

a measure of the motion and energy of the particles

more thermal energy means

higher temperature

conduction

thermal transfer by the vibration of particles

vibrating particles

transfer energy to the neighbouring particles

why are metals a good thermal conductor

they contain delocalised electrons

which helps them move freely through the metal

convection

thermal transfer when the particles in a heated fluid rise

liquids & gases..

expand when they are heated

the gaps between the particles increase

convection current

the movement in liquid/gases where warm particles rise and cool particles sink

radiation

the transfer of thermal energy as a wave

radiation can occur..

in a vacuum

as it doesn’t require particles

hotter object means

more radiation