Evolution of American Foreign Policy (18th-20th Century) Cartes | Quizlet

Isolationism

Policy characterized by national abstention from alliances and limited involvement in world affairs.

Internationalism

Policy actively seeking alliances and political treaties with other nations.

Neutralism

Policy aiming to maintain neutrality and good relations with multiple nations, as exemplified by Switzerland.

Expansionism

Policy involving territorial or economic expansion, often driven by demographic growth or strategic interests.

Jay Treaty of 1794

Agreement embodying principles of neutrality and territorial expansion, particularly in the context of trade relations.

Neutrality Proclamation

Official declaration of impartiality and non-involvement in conflicts between other nations.

Treaty of San Lorenzo (1795)

Agreement between the United States and Spain granting navigation rights on the Mississippi River and addressing trade issues.

Louisiana Purchase (1803)

Land acquisition where the United States doubled its territory, gaining control of a significant portion of North America.

Monroe Doctrine

Policy asserting the Americas as free from colonization and opposing European intervention, while promoting neutrality and trade.

American Civil War (1861-1865)

Conflict in the United States primarily over slavery, with significant economic and political implications.

Confederacy

Recognized as another USA by countries during the Civil War

Union Navy

Had absolute control in the Atlantic and Caribbean during the Civil War

Blockade

Union's strategy to prevent cotton exportation to Europe during the Civil War

Reconstruction

Post-Civil War period marked by US industrial growth and optimism

Lieber Code

Code of fair conduct during war, protecting civilians and properties

Spanish-American War

Conflict where the US intervened in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines in 1898

Teller Amendment

Stipulated conditions for Cuba's independence, granting US defense and economic control

Philippines

US colony with a long independence movement and civil war until 1912

Racism

Played a role in US interventions, like the Jim Crow era and beliefs in racial superiority

Arbitration Movement

Effort to prevent conflicts through diplomatic mechanisms and arbitration courts

Neutrality

US policy at the start of WWI in 1914 to stay away from the conflict

Woodrow Wilson

US President during WWI, known for his diplomacy and leadership

Propaganda

Use of fear to influence political decisions, seen in WWI rhetoric

War Bonds

Funds raised to support war efforts, crucial during conflicts

Roosevelt

President of the US since 1933, democratic leader

Isolationist Sentiment

US reluctance to engage in foreign affairs

War Economy

Shift towards militaristic production and resources

Arbitration

Diplomatic method to resolve disputes peacefully

Roosevelt Corollary

Extension of Monroe Doctrine, Latin America focus

Customs Receiver Ships

Established to collect debts for Latin American countries

Francis Ferdinand Assassination

Event triggering World War I

U-boat

German submarines used in World War I

Sinking of an American cruiser

Occurred in 1915, resulting in hundreds of American casualties sunk by Germans

Zimmerman telegram

Intercepted in 1917, proposed Mexico declare war on the US with German support

Bolshevik Revolution

1917 Russian revolution leading to civil war and peace treaty with Germany

League of Nations

International arbitration body created in 1919 for peaceful conflict resolution

Treaty of Versailles

Imposed on defeated Germany, demanded war reparations

Dawes Plan

1923 plan to lend money to Germany for economic restoration

Great Depression

Economic collapse in 1929 impacting global diplomacy and US economy

Dollar diplomacy

US diplomatic strategy using economic power, affected by the Great Depression

World War II

Global conflict following WWI, distinct from its predecessor

Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points

Speech outlining post-WWI principles including self-determination and free trade

Roosevelt's foreign policy

Emphasized support for the Western Hemisphere and war effort over direct involvement