Intro to Neuroscience Exam #2 Review

These flashcards cover key concepts and vocabulary from the lecture on neuroscience topics in preparation for Exam #2.

Hypovolemic thirst

A type of thirst caused by the loss of blood volume.

Osmotic thirst

A type of thirst triggered by an increase in the intake of salt leading to a change in concentration gradient.

Ghrelin

A hormone that stimulates appetite.

Leptin

A hormone that suppresses appetite.

Chronic pain

Pain that persists long after an injury has healed, often due to substance P.

Thyroid hormone pathway

Pathway involving the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, thyroid gland, and target cells.

Angiotensin II

A hormone involved in the pathway for hypovolemic thirst, affecting blood pressure and fluid balance.

DAMPs (Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns)

Molecules released during stress that can cause inflammation.

Norepinephrine

A stress hormone that boosts the immune system and increases heart and glucose output.

Epinephrine

A stress hormone involved in the acute stress response.

Anterior cingulate cortex

Brain area that processes pain and empathy, making pain an emotional experience.

Place coding and volley mechanism

Methods used in the cochlea for sound frequency encoding.

Broca's area

Frontal lobe region involved in producing language.

Wernicke's area

Temporal lobe region involved in understanding language.

Split-brain patients

Individuals who have had their corpus callosum severed, affecting how visual cues are interpreted.

Chronic inflammation

Prolonged inflammatory response often linked to prolonged stress and its effects on the gut biome.

Substance P

A neuropeptide associated with the transmission of pain and modulation of pain pathways.

Hypothalamus

Brain region that releases hormones and regulates physiological processes like hunger, thirst, and stress.

Somatosensory cortex

Brain region responsible for processing sensory information from the body, particularly touch.

C-fibers

Small, unmyelinated nerve fibers that transmit dull pain signals.

A-delta fibers

Large, myelinated nerve fibers that carry sharp pain signals.

Neuropeptide Y

A potent stimulant for eating.