APUSH UNIT 7.1-7.14 KEY TERMS

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US History

84 Terms

1

Zimmermann Telegram - Definition

A secret German communication urging Mexico to join the Central Powers in exchange for regaining lost territories if the U.S. entered World War I

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2

Zimmermann Telegram - Historical Thinking Skill

Causation - This event directly contributed to the U.S. joining the war

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3

Lusitania - Definition

A British passenger ship sunk by a German U-boat in 1915, killing over 1,000 people, including Americans

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4

Lusitania - Historical Thinking Skill

Causation - This event escalated U.S. opposition to Germany and pushed the nation closer to war

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5

Fourteen Points - Definition

President Woodrow Wilson's post-war plan for peace, emphasizing self-determination and the League of Nations

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6

Fourteen Points - Historical Thinking Skill

Continuity and Change Over Time - The plan represented a shift toward multilateral diplomacy, though not all points were adopted

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7

Selective Service Act - Definition

A 1917 law requiring men to register for the draft to build the U.S. military for World War I.

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8

Selective Service Act - Historical Thinking Skill

Causation – This act enabled the U.S. to mobilize for war effectively.

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9

Great Migration - Definition

The movement of African Americans from the rural South to urban centers in the North for economic opportunities during World War I.

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10

Great Migration - Historical Thinking Skill

Continuity and Change Over Time – It marked a major demographic shift and highlighted ongoing racial tensions.

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11

Espionage & Sedition Acts - Definition

Laws passed during World War I that restricted speech critical of the government and war effort.

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12

Espionage & Sedition Acts - Historical Thinking Skill

Causation – These acts reflected wartime fears and had lasting effects on free speech rights.

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13

Assembly Line - Definition

A manufacturing process popularized by Henry Ford that increased production efficiency.

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14

Assembly Line - Historical Thinking Skill

Causation – It spurred mass production and consumerism in the U.S.

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15

Radio - Definition

A technological innovation that became a primary medium for entertainment and information in the 1920s.

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16

Radio - Historical Thinking Skill

Continuity and Change Over Time – It transformed how people consumed information and entertainment.

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17

Harlem Renaissance- Definition

A cultural movement celebrating African American art, music, and literature during the 1920s.

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18

Harlem Renaissance - Historical Thinking Skill

Comparison – It showcased the contrast between traditional values and new cultural expressions.

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19

Scopes Trial - Definition

A 1925 legal case that debated the teaching of evolution versus creationism in public schools.

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20

Scopes Trial - Historical Thinking Skill

Comparison – It contrasted the differing views on science and religion in American society.

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21

Prohibition - Definition

The nationwide ban on the production, sale, and transportation of alcohol from 1920 to 1933 under the 18th Amendment.

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22

Prohibition - Historical Thinking Skill

Causation – It caused significant societal and legal challenges, leading to its eventual repeal.

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23

Ku Klux Klan (1920s) - Definition

A revival of the white supremacist group that targeted African Americans, immigrants, Catholics, and Jews.

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24

Ku Klux Klan (1920s) - Historical Thinking Skill

Continuity and Change Over Time – The Klan’s resurgence demonstrated the persistence of racial and cultural tensions.

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25

Stock Market Crash of 1929 - Definition

A catastrophic collapse of stock prices that marked the beginning of the Great Depression.

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26

Stock Market Crash of 1929 - Historical Thinking Skill

Causation – It directly led to the Great Depression and reshaped global economies.

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27

Dust Bowl - Definition

A severe drought and series of dust storms in the 1930s that devastated the Great Plains.

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28

Dust Bowl - Historical Thinking Skill

Continuity and Change Over Time – It exposed the vulnerability of farmers to environmental and economic challenges.

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29

Hoovervilles - Definition

Shantytowns built by homeless Americans during the Great Depression, named sarcastically after President Hoover.

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30

Hoovervilles - Historical Thinking Skill

Causation – They symbolized the consequences of inadequate government response to the economic crisis.

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31

Social Security Act - Definition

A 1935 law that created a government pension system for retired and unemployed workers.

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32

Social Security Act - Historical Thinking Skill

Continuity and Change Over Time – It marked a lasting shift in the government’s role in providing for citizens’ welfare.

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33

Tennessee Valley Authority - Defintion

A New Deal program that provided jobs, electricity, and flood control in the Tennessee Valley region.

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34

Tennessee Valley Authority - Historical Thinking Skill

Causation – It demonstrated how federal programs could address regional disparities.

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35

Works Progress Administration - Definition

A New Deal agency that created jobs in public works projects for millions of unemployed Americans.

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36

Works Progress Administration - Historical Thinking Skill

Causation – It provided immediate economic relief and long-term infrastructure improvements.

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37

Washington Naval Conference - Defintion

A 1921-1922 conference aimed at reducing naval arms among major world powers.

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38

Washington Naval Conference - Historical Thinking Skill

Comparison – It showcased differing international approaches to disarmament.

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39

Good Neighbor Policy - Definition

A U.S. policy under FDR promoting non-intervention and cooperation with Latin American countries.

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40

Good Neighbor Policy - Historical Thinking Skill

Continuity and Change Over Time – It marked a shift from earlier interventionist policies.

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41

Neutrality Acts - Definition

Laws passed in the 1930s to prevent U.S. involvement in foreign conflicts by banning arms sales to warring nations.

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42

Neutrality Acts - Historical Thinking Skill

Causation – They influenced U.S. foreign policy in the lead-up to World War II.

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43

War Production Board - Definition

A government agency that coordinated the production of war materials during World War II.

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44

War Production Board - Historical Thinking Skill

Causation – It played a critical role in the U.S.’s ability to mobilize for war.

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45

Rosie the Riveter - Definition

A cultural icon representing women who worked in factories and shipyards during World War II.

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46

Rosie the Riveter - Historical Thinking Skill

Continuity and Change Over Time – It challenged traditional gender roles and expanded opportunities for women.

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47

Executive Order 9066 - Definition

An order that authorized the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II.

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48

Executive Order 9066 - Historical Thinking Skill

Causation – It reflected wartime fears and had long-lasting implications for civil liberties.

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49

D-Day (Operation Overlord) - Definition

The Allied invasion of Nazi-occupied France on June 6, 1944.

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50

D-Day (Operation Overlord) - Historical Thinking Skill

Causation – It marked a decisive moment in the Allied victory over Axis powers.

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51

Manhattan Project - Definition

A secret U.S. project to develop the atomic bomb during World War II.

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52

Manhattan Project - Historical Thinking Skill

Causation – It revolutionized warfare and reshaped global power dynamics.

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53

Tuskegee Airman - Definition

A group of African American military pilots who served in World War II, breaking racial barriers and proving the capabilities of Black aviators.

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54

Tuskegee Airman - Historical Thinking Skill

Continuity and Change Over Time – Their contributions challenged racial discrimination and influenced civil rights advancements in the military and beyond.

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55

Yalta Conference - Definition

A 1945 meeting between Allied leaders to plan postwar Europe’s reorganization.

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56

Yalta Conference - Historical Thinking Skill

Causation – It shaped the geopolitical landscape of the postwar world.

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57

The Marshall Plan - Definition

A U.S. program that provided economic aid to rebuild European nations after World War II, aiming to prevent the spread of communism.

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58

The Marshall Plan - Historical Thinking Skill

Causation – It contributed to Europe’s recovery and helped contain the influence of the Soviet Union.

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59

United Nations - Definition

An international organization founded in 1945 to promote peace, security, and cooperation among nations.

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60

United Nations - Historical Thinking Skill

Continuity and Change Over Time – It represented a new commitment.

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61

Turner Thesis (Frontier Thesis) - Definition

A theory by Frederick Jackson Turner that argued the American frontier was crucial in shaping the nation’s democratic institutions and character.

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62

Turner Thesis (Frontier Thesis) - Historical Thinking Skill

Continuity and Change Over Time – The role of the frontier in shaping American identity evolved as the frontier disappeared, prompting shifts in national focus.

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63

Open Door Policy - Definition

A U.S. policy advocating equal trading rights for all nations in China to prevent domination by any single power.

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64

Open Door Policy - Historical Thinking Skill

Causation – This policy was a reaction to European spheres of influence in China and caused tensions with imperial powers.

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65

Monroe Doctrine - Definition

A policy declaring that the Western Hemisphere was off-limits to further European colonization.

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66

Monroe Doctrine - Historical Thinking Skill

Continuity and Change Over Time – It represents a consistent U.S. effort to limit European influence in the Americas, though its application evolved over time.

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67

Anti-Imperialist League - Definition

A group that opposed American annexation of territories, arguing it contradicted democratic principles.

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68

Anti-Imperialist League - Historical Thinking Skill

Comparison – The League’s views contrasted with those who supported imperial expansion for economic and strategic gains.

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69

Alfred Thayer Mahan - Definition

A naval strategist who argued that sea power was essential to national greatness and global influence.

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70

Alfred Thayer Mahan - Historical Thinking Skill

Causation – His ideas directly influenced U.S. naval expansion and imperialist policies.

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71

Social Darwinism - Definition

The belief that certain races or nations were superior and destined to dominate others due to "survival of the fittest."

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72

Social Darwinism - Historical Thinking Skill

Causation – It shaped policies and attitudes that encouraged expansionism and justified racial hierarchies.

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73

USS Maine - Definition

A U.S. battleship that exploded in Havana Harbor in 1898, sparking the Spanish-American War.

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74

USS Maine - Historical Thinking Skill

Causation – The destruction of the USS Maine was a key event leading to the U.S. declaring war on Spain.

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75

Platt Amendment - Definition

An amendment that gave the U.S. control over Cuban affairs and allowed for the establishment of a naval base at Guantánamo Bay.

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76

Platt Amendment - Historical Thinking Skill

Continuity and Change Over Time – It highlights the ongoing American intervention in Latin America.

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77

Yellow Journalism - Definition

Sensationalized and exaggerated news stories designed to provoke public emotion and influence opinions.

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78

Yellow Journalism - Historical Thinking Skill

Causation – This type of journalism directly influenced public opinion and U.S. foreign policy.

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79

Muckrakers - Definition

Journalists who exposed corruption and social injustices during the Progressive Era.

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80

Muckrakers - Historical Thinking Skill

Causation – Their work led to significant reforms in labor laws and consumer protection.

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81

19th Amendment - Definition

Granted women the right to vote in the United States in 1920.

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82

19th Amendment - Historical Thinking Skill

Continuity and Change Over Time – It marked a shift in the role of women in politics and society.

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83

Square Deal - Definition

Theodore Roosevelt’s domestic policy aimed at regulating corporations, protecting consumers, and conserving natural resources.

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84

Square Deal - Historical Thinking Skill

Causation – It led to major reforms, including antitrust legislation.

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