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Chitin
protein that makes up the exoskeletons of arthropods
Compound eye
multiple lenses in each eye
Molting
the disattachment of tissue from the existing exoskeleton so the arthropods can form a new one as they grow
Mandible
the chewing of mouthparts of crustacea
Chelicera
modified appendage of arachnids that is used for chewing and holding food; these are the fangs
Nauplius
free swimming larvae of crustacea
Cephalothorax
body part made of the head and thorax in arachnids and some crustaceans
Pedipalp
the second pair of modified appendages arachnids use to hold food
Spinneret
an organ that spiders use to produce silk for webs and cocoons
Book lung
large area for gas exchange that is made of layers of tissue through which oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse in and out
Spiracle
openings through which air is passed through and carried to tissues through a series of trachea
Malpighian tubule
excretory organs that get rid of cellular waste in grasshoppers
Tympanum
a sound sensing membrane that vibrates with sound to help insects process noises
Ovipositor
a shovel-like attachment that helps insects deposit fertilized eggs into soil
Incomplete metamorphosis
the development from eggs to nymph stage to adult for some insectae
Complete metamorphosis
the development from eggs, to young larvae, to older larvae, to pupa, and then to the adult stage
Pupa
the immobile stage between older larvae and adult stages in complete metamorphosis that helps the insect go through important developmental changes
Pheromone
a chemical substance released by insects so they can communicate with on another
Ossicle
the exoskeleton of calcium carbonate plates that create a sort of "spiny skin" of echinoderms and act as an attachment point for tissue
Tube feet
small, moveable extensions of the vascular system
Pedicallaria
tiny pincers that keep the bodies of the asteroida free from foreign objects like algae
Madreporite
the opening where water enters the asteroida on the aboral side
Stone canal
a short tube that connects the madreporite to the ring canal in the water vascular system
Ring canal
a ring-shaped canal through which water is transferred to and that circulates the water to the radial canals
Radial canal
the canals that extend from the ring and run throughout the arms until the end of each and they carry water to hundreds of hollow tube feet
Ampulla
bulbite sac at the end of each tube feet that allows for movement
Cardiac stomach
the stomach of asteroida that is turned inside out to catch and cover food that is ingested
Pyloric stomach
food is transferred to this secondary stomach that connects to a pair of digestive glands in each arm where nutrients are absorbed into the tissue
Bipinnaria
the larvae of asteroida
Oral side
the side where the mouth is located
Aboral side
the opposite side of where the mouth is located
Pentaradial
symmetry plan meaning that the body extends from the center out into five spikes
Setae
external bristles that project from the body of most annelids
Parapodia
fleshy protrusions that some annelids have
Pharynx
the muscular tube that annelids use to suck soil into the mouth
Esophagus
the tube in which soil is passed through and into the crop
Crop
the temporary food storage pocket into which soil is stored
Typhlosole
an infolding of the intestinal wall that increases the surface area for digestion
Closed circulatory system
a system in which blood is circulated through blood vessels and it transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients
Aortic arches
arches that connect the ventral and dorsal veins to pump blood and act as the heart for annelids
Nephridia
excretory organs that eliminate cellular waste
Clitellum
the thickened section of the earthworm body that holds the body togethers and is where sperm is injected into its mucous layer
Cuticle
a waxy protective epidermal layer
Mantle
the dorsal body wall that covers the visceral mass and produces the shell of mollusca
Visceral Mass
a mass containing the organs of digestion, circulation, reproduction, and excretion that is located inside the coelom on their backside/dorsal side
Mantle cavity
the space between the mantle and the foot that functions in gas exchange and the elimination/excretion of digestive waste
Radula
scraping structure of molluscs that allows snails to scrap algae off the ground
Odontophore
fleshy, tongue-like structure that helps the molluscs move stuff around
Open circulatory system
The lack of vessels to contain blood within so that the fluid within is just free floating
Siphon
inhalant tube for gas exchange located in the gills
Trochophore larva
free swimming larvae of mollusks
Hemolymph
fluid that does not stay completely in vessels, Collected from gills and lungs, pumped through the heart, and releader into hemocoels
Hemocoels
fluid filled spaces of the molluscs
Ganglia
clusters of nerve cell bodies, of which molluscs have 6
Pen
the soft, modified shell that squid have
Note
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