Mollusks, Annelids, Arthropoda, Echinodermata Vocab

Chitin

protein that makes up the exoskeletons of arthropods

Compound eye

multiple lenses in each eye

Molting

the disattachment of tissue from the existing exoskeleton so the arthropods can form a new one as they grow

Mandible

the chewing of mouthparts of crustacea

Chelicera

modified appendage of arachnids that is used for chewing and holding food; these are the fangs

Nauplius

free swimming larvae of crustacea

Cephalothorax

body part made of the head and thorax in arachnids and some crustaceans

Pedipalp

the second pair of modified appendages arachnids use to hold food

Spinneret

an organ that spiders use to produce silk for webs and cocoons

Book lung

large area for gas exchange that is made of layers of tissue through which oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse in and out

Spiracle

openings through which air is passed through and carried to tissues through a series of trachea

Malpighian tubule

excretory organs that get rid of cellular waste in grasshoppers

Tympanum

a sound sensing membrane that vibrates with sound to help insects process noises

Ovipositor

a shovel-like attachment that helps insects deposit fertilized eggs into soil

Incomplete metamorphosis

the development from eggs to nymph stage to adult for some insectae

Complete metamorphosis

the development from eggs, to young larvae, to older larvae, to pupa, and then to the adult stage

Pupa

the immobile stage between older larvae and adult stages in complete metamorphosis that helps the insect go through important developmental changes

Pheromone

a chemical substance released by insects so they can communicate with on another

Ossicle

the exoskeleton of calcium carbonate plates that create a sort of "spiny skin" of echinoderms and act as an attachment point for tissue

Tube feet

small, moveable extensions of the vascular system

Pedicallaria

tiny pincers that keep the bodies of the asteroida free from foreign objects like algae

Madreporite

the opening where water enters the asteroida on the aboral side

Stone canal

a short tube that connects the madreporite to the ring canal in the water vascular system

Ring canal

a ring-shaped canal through which water is transferred to and that circulates the water to the radial canals

Radial canal

the canals that extend from the ring and run throughout the arms until the end of each and they carry water to hundreds of hollow tube feet

Ampulla

bulbite sac at the end of each tube feet that allows for movement

Cardiac stomach

the stomach of asteroida that is turned inside out to catch and cover food that is ingested

Pyloric stomach

food is transferred to this secondary stomach that connects to a pair of digestive glands in each arm where nutrients are absorbed into the tissue

Bipinnaria

the larvae of asteroida

Oral side

the side where the mouth is located

Aboral side

the opposite side of where the mouth is located

Pentaradial

symmetry plan meaning that the body extends from the center out into five spikes

Setae

external bristles that project from the body of most annelids

Parapodia

fleshy protrusions that some annelids have

Pharynx

the muscular tube that annelids use to suck soil into the mouth

Esophagus

the tube in which soil is passed through and into the crop

Crop

the temporary food storage pocket into which soil is stored

Typhlosole

an infolding of the intestinal wall that increases the surface area for digestion

Closed circulatory system

a system in which blood is circulated through blood vessels and it transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients

Aortic arches

arches that connect the ventral and dorsal veins to pump blood and act as the heart for annelids

Nephridia

excretory organs that eliminate cellular waste

Clitellum

the thickened section of the earthworm body that holds the body togethers and is where sperm is injected into its mucous layer

Cuticle

a waxy protective epidermal layer

Mantle

the dorsal body wall that covers the visceral mass and produces the shell of mollusca

Visceral Mass

a mass containing the organs of digestion, circulation, reproduction, and excretion that is located inside the coelom on their backside/dorsal side

Mantle cavity

the space between the mantle and the foot that functions in gas exchange and the elimination/excretion of digestive waste

Radula

scraping structure of molluscs that allows snails to scrap algae off the ground

Odontophore

fleshy, tongue-like structure that helps the molluscs move stuff around

Open circulatory system

The lack of vessels to contain blood within so that the fluid within is just free floating

Siphon

inhalant tube for gas exchange located in the gills

Trochophore larva

free swimming larvae of mollusks

Hemolymph

fluid that does not stay completely in vessels, Collected from gills and lungs, pumped through the heart, and releader into hemocoels

Hemocoels

fluid filled spaces of the molluscs

Ganglia

clusters of nerve cell bodies, of which molluscs have 6

Pen

the soft, modified shell that squid have