JWU PA Bacteria Classification

Staphylococcus aureus

-gram positive cocci
-non spore forming
-grapelike clusters
-catalase positive
-coagulase positive
-hospital acquired pneumonia, MRSA (20%)= has PBP which lowers affinity for penicillin

Staphylococcus epidermidis

-gram positive cocci
-non spore forming
-chains
-catalase negative
-coagulase negative
-endocarditis & prosthetic joint infections

Streptococcus pyogenes

-gram positive cocci
-beta hemolytic
-strep throat and cellulitis
-exotoxin A-TSS
-exotoxin B-necrotizing fasciitis
-M protein=virulence factor (rheumatic fever)

Streptococcus agalactiae

-gram positive cocci
-beta hemolytic
-neonatal meningitis

Streptococcus enterococci

-gram positive cocci
-beta hemolytic
-common infection after appendix bursts

Streptococcus pneumoniae

-gram positive diplococcus
-alpha hemolytic
-nml flora in oropharynx
-community aquired pneumonia, meningitis (most common), otitis media, sinusitis

Streptococcus viridans group

-gram positive cocci
-alpha hemolytic
-nml flora of oropharynx
-infective endocarditis

Neisseria meningitidis

-gram negative cocci
-leading cause of meningitis in children

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

-gram negative cocci
-sexually transmitted
-neonatal conjunctivitis leads to blindness, septic arthritis

Bacillus anthracis

-gram positive bacilli
-spore forming, in soil
-anthrax-infected wounds (most common), GI (rare) or inhaled

Bacillus cereus

-gram positive bacilli
-spore forming
-food poisoning (spores on rice)

Clostridium tetani

-gram positive bacilli
-spore forming, in soil
-toxin causes tetanus

Clostridium botulinum

-gram positive bacilli
-spore forming
-toxin causes botulism-canned foods

Clostridium difficile

-gram positive bacilli
-spore forming
-hospital acquired diarrhea
-Gut flora, infection common after taking abx

Clostridium perfringens

-gram positive bacilli
-spore forming
-gas gangrene and food poisoning

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

-gram positive bacilli
-non spore forming
-diphtheria toxin
-thick adherent pseudomembrane over tonsils/throat

Listeria monocytogenes

-gram positive bacilli
-non spore forming
-meningitis and sepsis in newborns, pregnant women and immunosuppressed adults
-usually food borne, cold cut meats

Escherichea coli

-gram negative rod
-enteric pathogen
-facultative anaerobe
-introduced at birth, primary constituent of mammal gut microbe
-common UTI and most common gram negative cause of sepsis, neonatal meningitis
-shiga toxin-bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome
-persister variants

Salmonella, typhoid

-gram negative rod
-enteric
-typhoid fever

Salmonella, non typhoid

-gram negative rod
-enteric
-most common cause of bacterial entercolitis
-poultry and eggs

Shigella

-gram negative rod
-limited to enteric tract, does not cause sepsis
-fecal/oral transmission

Vibrio cholerae

-gram negative curved rod
-enteric pathogen
-cholera, watery diarrhea, shellfish

Helicobacter pylori

-gram negative curved rod
-enteric
-gastritis, peptic ulcer, increases risk of gastric cancer

Klebsiella pneumoniae

-gram negative rod
-enteric pathogen
-gut flora, opportunistic
-community acquired pneumonia with thick bloody sputum, UTI
-reservoir in colon, soil and water

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

-gram negative rod
-enteric pathogen
-gut flora, opportunistic
-blue/green pigment
-sepsis, pneumonia, UTI

Bacteriodes fragilis

-gram negative rod
-enteric pathogen
-gut flora, opportunistic
-sepsis, peritonitis, abscess, appendix burst

Haemophilus influenzae

-gram negative rod
-respiratory pathogen
-epiglotitis, pneumonia, meningitis, otitis media, sinusitis

Bordtella pertussis

-gram negative rod
-respiratory pathogen
-pertussis, whooping cough

Legionella

-gram negative rod
-respiratory pathogen
-reservoir in environmental water sources (AC, water cooling tower)

Pasteurella multocida

-gram negative zoonotic
-wound infections from dog/cat bites

Bartonella

-gram negative zoonotic
-cat scratch disease

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

-non gram staining
-obligate anaerobe
-tuberculosis

Mycobacterium bovis

-non gram staining
-GI pathogen
-unpasteurized milk

Mycobacterium leprae

-non gram staining
-leprosy

Treponema pallidum

-non gram staining
-spirochetes
-syphilis

Borrelia burgdorferi

-non gram staining
-spirochetes
-lyme disease

Chlamydia

-non gram staining
-obligate intracellular bacteria
-causes chlamydia

Rickettsia rickettsii

-non gram staining
-obligate intracellular bacteria
-Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever