endocrine
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35 Terms
Hypothalamus
Portion of the diencephalon that activates, controls, and integrates the peripheral autonomic nervous system and many somatic functions.
Pituitary Gland
The master gland located at the base of the brain that influences other endocrine glands.
Adrenal Glands
Glands located on top of each kidney that regulate sodium and electrolyte balance and produce epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Thyroid Gland
Gland located in the neck that controls body metabolism and produces hormones like thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).
Parathyroid G lands
Glands located on the thyroid gland that control calcium and phosphorus metabolism.
Negative feedback loop
A regulatory mechanism where increased target gland hormones decrease secretion of the same hormone and others stimulating its release.
Hypopituitarism
Hyposecretion of one or more pituitary hormones caused by tumors or trauma.
Hyperpituitarism
Hypersecretion of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary gland, often due to tumors.
Addison's Disease
Primary adrenal insufficiency characterized by hyposecretion of adrenal hormones.
Cushing's Syndrome
A metabolic disorder resulting from chronic excessive production of cortisol.
Diabetes Mellitus
A chronic disorder of impaired carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism due to insulin deficiency.
Hypoglycemia
Condition where blood glucose level falls below 70 mg/dL, often due to excessive insulin.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
A life-threatening complication of type 1 diabetes characterized by severe insulin deficiency, hyperglycemia, and acidosis.
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome (HHS)
A condition similar to DKA but without ketosis and acidosis, commonly occurring in type 2 diabetes.
Thyroidectomy
Surgical removal of the thyroid gland, often performed in cases of persistent hyperthyroidism.
Myxedema Coma
A severe form of hypothyroidism characterized by hypotension, bradycardia, and hypothermia.
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)
A condition of hyperfunctioning of the posterior pituitary gland causing excess ADH release.
Hypothalamus
Portion of the diencephalon that activates, controls, and integrates the peripheral autonomic nervous system and many somatic functions.
Pituitary Gland
The master gland located at the base of the brain that influences other endocrine glands.
Adrenal Glands
Glands located on top of each kidney that regulate sodium and electrolyte balance and produce epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Thyroid Gland
Gland located in the neck that controls body metabolism and produces hormones like thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).
Parathyroid G lands
Glands located on the thyroid gland that control calcium and phosphorus metabolism.
Negative feedback loop
A regulatory mechanism where increased target gland hormones decrease secretion of the same hormone and others stimulating its release.
Hypopituitarism
Hyposecretion of one or more pituitary hormones caused by tumors or trauma.
Hyperpituitarism
Hypersecretion of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary gland, often due to tumors.
Addison's Disease
Primary adrenal insufficiency characterized by hyposecretion of adrenal hormones.
Cushing's Syndrome
A metabolic disorder resulting from chronic excessive production of cortisol.
Diabetes Mellitus
A chronic disorder of impaired carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism due to insulin deficiency.
Hypoglycemia
Condition where blood glucose level falls below 70 mg/dL, often due to excessive insulin.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
A life-threatening complication of type 1 diabetes characterized by severe insulin deficiency, hyperglycemia, and acidosis.
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome (HHS)
A condition similar to DKA but without ketosis and acidosis, commonly occurring in type 2 diabetes.
Thyroidectomy
Surgical removal of the thyroid gland, often performed in cases of persistent hyperthyroidism.
Myxedema Coma
A severe form of hypothyroidism characterized by hypotension, bradycardia, and hypothermia.
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)
A condition of hyperfunctioning of the posterior pituitary gland causing excess ADH release.
