IB Bio Mitosis, Cancer, Cell Cycle

A series of events that takes place in a cell during its lifetime. It includes interphase and mitosis.

Cell cycle

This is where the cell spends most of its time in the cell cycle.

Interphase

This is the phase of the cell cycle where the cell begins to divide.

Mitosis

Which of the following is something that does NOT occur during interphase?

The cell divides

These are important points in the cell cycle that look for errors and stop the process if errors are detected to prevent changed cells

Checkpoints

What happens if a checkpoint detects any of the following within a cell: damage to DNA, errors in DNA replication, or incorrect attachment of spindle fibers?

The process is stopped until these things can be repaired or a cell is killed

Repairing a wound requires which process to occur?

Mitosis

Programmed cell death

Apoptosis

Cancer cells divide at what speed compared to normal cells?

Faster

If a cell cannot repair damage to its DNA, what process does the cell enter normally?

Apoptosis

What is the purpose of mitosis?

To begin dividing cells

Cell division occurs in what phase of the cell cycle?

M phase

Why is cell division important for single-celled organisms?

It is how they reproduce.

What might a cell do after stopping at a checkpoint to prevent disease?

Apoptosis

Cancer is a disorder in which some cells have lost their ability to control which of the following?

Mitosis speed

Mitosis occurs in cancer cells compared normal cells.

faster

_ cells usually are dysfunctional.

Cancer

If the mitotic index is _, it means that mitosis is occurring at a high rate and could indicate cancer.

high

Step in interphase where the cell's DNA and organelles are copied

S phase

Step in interphase cell rests, does it's jobs and prepares for cell division

G1

4 phases of mitosis

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

first and longest phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus, which membrane breaks down

Prophase

the region of the chromosome that holds the two sister chromatids together during mitosis

Centromere

the repeating set of events that make up the life of a cell. G1 / S / G2 / Mitosis

Cell cycle

the division of a prokaryotic cell into two offspring cell

Binary Fission

second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell

Metaphase

Replicated forms of a chromosome joined together by the centromere and eventually separated during mitosis.

sister chromatids

the division of the cells cytoplasm

Cytokinesis

one of the two strands of a chromosome; that becomes visible during mitosis

Chromatid

two copies of a chromosome (1 from mom and 1 from dad)

Homologous Chromosomes

new cells with genetic material that is identical to the genetic material, of the original cell

Mitosis

(first stage of interphase) offspring cells grow to mature size

G1

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

Chromosomes

Basic proteins that associate with DNA in the nucleus and help condense it into chromatin

Histones

the time between cell division, where the cell spends most of it's lifetime

Interphase

the chromatid of each chromosome separate at the centromere and slowly move toward the poles

Anaphase

the material that makes up both mitotic and interphase chromosomes; a complex of protiens and DNA strands

Chromatin

the final phase of cell division, between anaphase and interphase, in which the chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed.

Telophase

Chromosomes condense

Prophase

Cells spend 90% of their time in this phase

Interphase

Splitting occurs and two cells form

Cytokinesis

Chromosomes arrive at opposite ends of the cell

Telophase

Chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell

Metaphase

DNA replication occurs

Interphase

The sister chromatids separate, and begin to move towards the poles of the cell.

Anaphase

The nuclear membrane disassembles (breaks down)

Prophase

A nuclear membrane forms around each group of chromosomes

Telophase

Part of the chromosome where sister chromatids are held together

Centromere

Chromosomes consist of DNA and proteins

True

Chromosomes are located in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells

True

There are 48 chromosomes in each human body cell.

False

_ is the result of uncontrolled cell growth

Cancer

What is happening during the G1 phase of the Cell Cycle?

Cell Growth

What is happening during the G2 phase of the Cell Cycle?

Prep for Mitosis

What is happening during the S phase of the Cell Cycle?

DNA Replication

During what phase do cells spend most of their lives in?

Interphase

During which phase of mitosis does the nucleus disappear?

Prophase

During what phase of mitosis do 2 new nuclei form?

Telophase

Which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes align in the middle (also the shortest phase)?

Metaphase

What phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids pull apart?

Anaphase

What is it called when 2 identical cells are created?

Daughter Cells