psych exam 2

Developmental Psychopathology Perspective

how models explain a persons functioning

psychodynamic model

childhood —> now

cognitive behavioral model

how maladapative behaviors are influenced

Humanistic existendtial model

considers specifically the persons competencices, resilience and uniqueness - even under stresss

Sociocultural model

looks at how social contects and cultures affect a persons functioning

equifinality

different developmental routes can lead to the same disorder - can EQUAL = same disorder

ex :

war and abuse can both = PTSD

multifinality

same developmental routes can lead to different disorders

ECT for depression

elextricity to the brain to give a seizure

Vagus nerve stimulation for depression

surgery implants a pulse stimulator onto the vagus nerve to send electrical impulses to the brain

TSM - transcranial magnetic stimulation

electromagnetic coil is placed on head to send a current to the prefrontal cortex

PNS - parasympathetic nervous system

works when body is at rest - ANS fibers help to bring body back down from stressors, decreases heart rate

SNS - sympathetic nervous system

Stress Situations

1. excited by hypothalamus

2. organs

Acute stress disorder

symptoms begin in 4 weeks

last for less than a month

PTSD

lasts for more than a month

symptoms for stress disorders

• high arousal

• reduced responsiveness/dissociation

• negative emotions

• guilt

• avoidance

reward circuit in brian - neurotransmitters

• prefrontal cortex

• ventral tegmental area

• ventral striatum / nucleus accumbens