Biology Lecture Review

These flashcards cover key concepts related to cell biology, protein structures, carbohydrate types, and organic compounds from the lecture notes.

Eukaryotic cells have __, unlike prokaryotic cells which are anucleate.

nuclei

According to Robert Whittaker's 1969 classification, the five kingdoms include Plantae, Fungi, Animalia, Protista, and __.

Monera

The three domains proposed in 1990 are Bacteria, Archaea, and __.

Eukarya

The __ gene is commonly barcoded to aid in distinguishing species.

cytochrome c oxidase

In plants, antiporters use a favorable chemical gradient of one molecule to move another in __ directions.

opposite

GLUT is an example of a __ transport protein.

facilitated

Gram-positive bacteria appear __ due to their lack of an outer membrane.

purple

The primary structure of a protein refers to the __ sequence.

amino acid

The __ structure of a protein involves multiple subunits combined together.

quaternary

Un-saturated fats are better in __ because they provide more fluidity.

cold environments

Amino acids joined together form __.

dipeptides

A __ group consists of a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom.

carbonyl

A carboxyl group consists of a __ group and a hydroxyl group attached to the same carbon.

carbonyl

The general formula for a monosaccharide like glucose is Cn(H2O)n, where __ represents the number of carbon atoms.

n

Chitin is a __ carbohydrate that is part of exoskeletons and cell walls.

structural

Ester bonds involve a reaction between a __ acid and an alcohol.

carboxylic

In organic compounds, the presence of a __ group indicates alcohols.

hydroxyl