US History Final

protective tariff

a tax that makes imported goods more costly than those made locally

mass production

a system for turning out large numbers of products quickly and inexpensively

entrepreneur

a person who invests money in a product or enterprise to make a profit

Thomas Edison

inventor of the light bulb

Bessemer Process

A method for purifying iron, resulting in strong, lightweight steel

vertical integration

In which system does one company control the businesses that make up all phases of a product's development

monopoly

A corporation that gains complete control of a product or a service

Andrew Carnegie

Steel tycoon ___ established libraries in part to help the disadvantaged rise in society

Sherman Antitrust Act

The ___ outlawed any trust that operated "in restraint of trade"

corporation

In a ___, a number of people share the ownership of a business

John D. Rockefeller

Oil tycoon who used horizontal integration to increase profits

Social Darwinism

Suggested that those who had great wealth were entitled to it

socially conscious writers who dramatized the need for reform

Muckrakers

A community center that provided social services to the urban poor

Settlement house

an activist who opened the country's first birth-control clinic

Margeret Sanger

an organization that worked for women's suffrage

NAWSA

a leader who urged African Americans to demand their rights

W.E.B. DuBois

An organization that used courts to challenge discrimatory laws

NAACP

Theodore's plan for fair government

Square Deal

a man who led the Division of Forestry under President Theodore Roosevelt

Gifford Pinchot

president who attacked the "triple wall of privilege"

Woodrow Wilson

legislation that strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act

Clayton Antitrust Act

portrayed human misery and the struggles of common people

Naturalist novels

Walter Rauschenbusch

Which of the following reformers outlined the Social Gospel in a book entitled Christianity and the Social Crisis?

Encouraged immigrants to follow white, middle-class ways of life

Progessives that promoted Americanization efforts

Focused on helping poor African American workers

The Urban League

Threatened to send federal troops to take control of the mines

During the 1902 coal miners' strike in Pennsylvania, President Roosevelt

Native Americans

Who was most affected by the passage of the Dawes Act?

Woodrow Wilson

Who wanted to place strict government controls on corporations?

Monitor business practices that might lead to monopoly

In 1914, Congress formed the Federal Trade Commission to

Privileged access by Britain, France, Germany, and Russia to China

Spheres of influence

Governor of the Philippines who later became president of the United States

William Howard Taft

A Filipion nationalist

Emilio Aguinaldo

Theodore Roosevelt's foreign policy

"Big stick" diplomacy

The belief that life is a competitive struggle and only the fittest survive

Social Darwinism

Woodrow Wilson's foreign policy

"moral diplomacy"

Brought Cuba within the US sphere

The Platt Ammendment

Aggressive form of nationalism

Jingoism

A policy in which strong nations control weaker countries or territories

Imperialism

Owner of the New York Journal

William Randolph Hearst

Perry negotiated a treaty that opened trade to the United States

What happened within a year of United States Navy Commodore Matthew Perry's arrival in Tokyo Bay in 1853?

1898

Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown and Hawaii was annexed in

Manila Bay was ruled by Spain, and the ships belonged to the Spanish

Why did United States Navy Commodore George Dewey lead an attack on ships in the Manila Bay during the Spanish-American War?

the "Rough Riders"

A volunteer calvary unit in the Spanish-American War was called

1946

When did the United States grant independence to the Philippines?

United States

Which country wanted open trade with China?

The Platt Ammendment

What gave the United States the right to preserve order in Cuba?

The United States could build a canal in Panama at a lower price

President Roosevelt sent troops to support Panamanian rebels in the fight against Colombia so that

Section of French border that was critical to winning the war

Western Front

soldiers killed, wounded, or missing

casualities

British passenger ship

Lusitania

authorized a military draft

Selective Services Act

Commander of American forces in Europe

John J. Pershing

a viral illness

influenza

Payment for war damages

reparations

a country that owes less money than it is owed

creditor nation

banned certain printed materials

Espionage Act

head of the War Industries Board

Bernard Baruch

the strongest country would win any international competition

Social Darwinists believed that

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

The Triple Alliance Nations were

prepardness

The buildup of the US military in 1916 was an example of

Herbert Hoover

Who was responsible for the agricultural policies of the United States during WW2?

the Committee on Public Information

Which organization existed to promote support for the war among the American people?

many German soldiers were no longer willing to fight

One reason for the German surrender in 1918 was that

prevent submarine attacks on ships

Convoys were used to

mutual defense agreement

The League of Nations can best be described as a

anarchists

Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were

manufacturing method in which each worker performs one step

Mass production

A period of increased stock trading and rising stock prices

Bull market

wealthy banker who served in the Harding administration

Andrew Mellon

psychologist who stressed the importance of the unconscious mind

Sigmund Freud

targeted blacks, Jews, Catholics, and immigrants

Ku Klux Klan

first film with synchronized sound

The Jazz Singer

set the theories of Charles Darwin against fundamentalism

Scopes trial

1920s cultural outpouring associated with African Americans

Harlem Renaissance

wrote of the pain and pride of being black

Langston Hughes

agreement intended to settle international debts from World War I

Dawes Plan

declined

As the 1920s progressed, farm incomes

They became more conversative and less politically active

Which best describes the changing attitudes of people living in developing suburbs?

the South, where Jim Crow laws existed

African Americans in the 1920s faced discrimination, especially in

damaged America's internation reputation

The U.S. handling of the post-World War 1 war-debt situation

bootleggers could branch out into other types of illegal activity

How did Prohibition contribute to the growth of organized crime?

21st Ammendment

In 1933, Congress repealed Prohibiton with the

Edwin Denby and Albert Fall

The Teapot Dome oil scandal involved

black middle and upper classes emerged

In towns such as New York, Chicago, and Cleveland,

There was no effective leadership after Garvey was deported to Jamaica

Why did Marcus Garvey's movement fall apart?

agricultural workers who work on land owned by someone else

Tenant farmers

President when the stock market crashed

Herbert Hoover

it could not be farmed

People likely abandoned farms in the Dust Bowl because

faced discrimination when competing for a limited number of jobs

Both African Americans and Mexican Americans had an especially difficult time during the Great Depression because they

Businesses and citizens acted in their individual best interests

Why did volunteerism fail?

banks so they could lend money to businesses to stimulate economic activity

Congress instituted the RFC to loan money to

President Hoover vetoed a bill providing for early payment of bonuses

Why did the Bonus Army march on Washington D.C.?

Member of the black cabinet

Mary McLeod Bethune

New Deal program that funded large murals

Federal Art Project

protest used against General Motors

sit-down strike

name for FDR's attempt to change the Supreme Court

court packing

writer of The Grapes of Wrath

John Steinbeck

putting money in consumers' hands to stimulate the economy

pump priming

formed when the government assumes responsibility for providing for citizens' needs

welfare state