chapter 23 milling and shaping

horizontal milling machine

has a rotating horizontal spindle/arbor supported by a tall column, cutting put on arbor using spacers, workpiece clamped to worktable, which can move on 3 axes, worktable sits on a knee.

vertical milling machine

rotating vertical spindle supported by a tall column, cutting tool is clamped in a collet or chuck, spindle can be lowered, workpiece is clamped and can move in 3 axes.

horizontal(H) - slab mill

machine large surface quickly creates a flat finish

H - slitting saw

cut narrow slots

H - side and face cutter

cutting edges on both side and periphery

H - gear cutter

cuts out gear teeth, a dividing head is used to set correct angles

H - form cutter

create specific profile shapes

gang milling

multiple cutters on same arbor, cutting with periphery of the tools, complex

straddle milling

two vertical parrellel edges at the same time, cutting predominantly with the faces

V -slt drill bit

2 flutes

V - end mill

create slots, pockets and moulds, cutting edges on end/face, has 4 flutes

V - t slot cutter

cut t slots, slot is cut first then widened at the bottom to make t slot

dovetail cutter

cuts dovetail profiles

ball - nose cutter

creates rounded edge/profile

face milling cutter

creates flat surface finish on wide surface

tapping

create an interna; or external screw thread

dividing head

hold a workpiece at exactly specified angles

peripheral milling

cutting outside/round edge of the tool,

fac milling

cutting the flat part of the cutting tool

up cutting / conventional milling

safest milling, fed against direction of rotation, chip starts thin ends thick, not good surface finish, piece needs to be clamped as tool can lift it

down - cutting

good surface finish, cause vibrations, fed same direction, chip starts thick ends thin, strong machine, can break tool

saftey features

emergency stop, safety guards, braking system, safety googles, securely clmaped, maintained

shaping machine

cut thin layers from metal workpiece, cutting tool reciprocates forwards and backwards over piece, movement by quick return mechanism, cuttimg slow forward movement, backward is faster returns cutting tool