Respiratory System Flashcards

Flashcards about the human respiratory system, covering organs, processes, and diseases.

Why is oxygen needed by animals?

Oxygen is utilized as a raw material in energy formation (cell respiration).

What are the characteristics that allow for efficient function of respiratory organs?

Moist, thin, many blood vessels, and large surface area.

What happens during inspiration?

Inhaling oxygen into the lungs

What happens during expiration?

Exhaling carbon dioxide out of the body.

What is external respiration?

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli of the lungs and the blood vessels.

What is internal respiration?

Exchange of gases between blood in capillaries and tissue cells.

What are the primary functions of the nasal cavity?

Filtering air, adjusting humidity, and olfactory reception.

What are the functions of the pharynx?

To channel air to the trachea, house the tonsils, and use the epiglottis to separate air and food pathways.

What is the function of the larynx?

To produce sound through the vocal cords.

What are the functions of the trachea?

To equalize air temperature and regulate airflow during respiration.

What is the function of the bronchus and bronchioles?

To transport air to and from the alveoli.

What is the function of the alveolus?

To facilitate oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange with the circulatory system.

Which parts of the brain control breathing?

Medulla oblongata and pons.

What is the normal respiration rate?

12-15 times per minute.

What are the factors influencing respiration rate?

Age, gender, body temperature, and body position.

What is pharyngitis?

Inflammation of the pharynx.

What is pleuritis?

Inflammation of the lung membrane.

What is emphysema?

Excessive air in the lungs.

What is asthma?

Rigid contraction of the bronchioles or hypersensitivity.

What is tuberculosis?

Lungs and bones affected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

What is hypoxia?

Oxygen deficiency in tissues.

What bacteria causes tuberculosis (TBC)?

Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

What are the effects of smoking on the respiratory system?

Damage to the lungs, potentially leading to cancer or lung combustion.

What is pneumonia?

Infection of the lungs that causes fluid build up in the alveoli.

What effect does pneumonia have on the respiratory system?

Accumulation of fluid in the alveoli, impairing oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusion.

What is rhinitis?

Inflammation of the mucosa inside the nose

What are the symptoms of sinusitis?

Inflammation of the sinus cavities.

What is bronchitis?

Inflammation of the bronchial walls.

What gases can disrupt oxygen transportation?

Contamination by carbon monoxide or cyanide.