Conceptual skills
________: the ability to think and conceptualise about abstract and complex situations concerning the organisation.
Innovation
________: doing things differently, exploring new territory, taking risks.
Human skills
________: the ability to work well with other people.
Managers
________: are individuals who coordinate and oversee the work of other people so that organisational goals can be reached.
Top Managers
________: individuals who are responsible for making organisation- wide decisions and establishing plans and goals that affect the organisation.
Technical skills
________: knowledge and proficiency in a specific field.
line managers
Bottom: individuals who manage the work of first- ________.
Managers
are individuals who coordinate and oversee the work of other people so that organisational goals can be reached
Top Managers
individuals who are responsible for making organisation-wide decisions and establishing plans and goals that affect the organisation
Bottom-line workers
individuals who manage the work of first-line managers
First-line managers
Individuals who manage the work of non-managerial employees
Non-managerial employees
individuals who work directly on a job, and have no responsibility of overseeing the work of others
Efficiency
"doing things right", getting the most output for the least input
Effectiveness
"doing the right things", attaining organisational goals
Planning
defining goals, establishing strategies to achieve goals, developing plans to integrate and coordinate activities → creating
Organising
arranging and structuring work to accomplish organisational goals → arranging
Leading
working with and through people to accomplish goals → motivating
Controlling
monitoring, comparing, and correcting work
Technical skills
knowledge and proficiency in a specific field
Human skills
the ability to work well with other people
Conceptual skills
the ability to think and conceptualise about abstract and complex situations concerning the organisation
Innovation
doing things differently, exploring new territory, taking risks