Lecture 1- 8/21/24

Covalent Bonds

Sharing of electrons

Strongest Bond type

~100kcal/mol

Ionic Bonds

Transfer of Electrons

2nd Strongest Bond Type

~80kcal/mol

Hydrogen Bonds

Partial Charges

3rd Strongest Bond Type

~5-10kcal/mol

van der Waals

Weakest Bond

~1kcal/mol

No real bonds just next to each other

Types of van der Waals

1. dipole induced-dipole (1 polar and 1 nonpolar)

2. induced-dipole induced-dipole (2 nonpolar)

Ketones/ Carbonyl

Polar

Methyl

Nonpolar

Hydroxyl/Alcohol

Polar

Carboxyl

Charged, ionizes to
release H+ . Acidic

Amino/Amine

Charged, accepts H+ to
form NH3+ . Basic

Phosphate

Charged, ionizes to
release H+ .

Thiol/Sulfydryl

Nonpolar.
Ionizes to release H+
Negative when H+
removed

Thioester

Polar. High Energy Bond

Phosphodiester

Polar. High Energy Bond.

Phenyl

Aromatic. Non polar

Imidazole

Polar. Ionizable.

Guanidinium

Polar. Ionizable

Amide

Polar.

4 Types of Biomolecules

1. Proteins

2. Carbohydrates

3. Nucleic Acids

4. Lipids

Building Blocks of Proteins

Amino Acids

Building Block of Carbohydrates

Simple Sugars

Building Blocks of Nucleic Acids

DNA/RNA Nucleotides

Building Blocks of Lipids

Fatty Acid