Muscular tissue - anaphy midterms

skeletal muscle tissue

• voluntary movement

• has striation

• moves bones of skeleton

cardiac muscle tissue

• involuntary movement

• forms most of heart wall

• has striation

• autorhythmicity

autorhythymicity

beating due to pacemaker that initiates each contration

smooth muscle tissue

• involuntary movement

• walls of hollow structures, skin, hair follicles

movement, store and move fluids, stabilization

function of muscular tissue

sphincters

ring like smooth muscle

thermogenesis

generating heat

electrical excitability

ability to respond to certain stimuli by production electrical signals

contractability

ability of muscular tissue to contract forcefully

extensibility

ability of muscular tissue to stretch, with limits

elasticity

ability to return to original length after being contracted/extened

epimysium

outer most layer, encircles entire muscle, dense irregular connective tissue

perimysium

cover fascicles

fascicles

bundles of muscle fibers

endomysium

interior of fascicles, encircles individual muscle fibers

somatic motor nerves

stimulates skeletal muscle to contract

blood capillaries

carries oxygen and nutrients, removes heat and waste products

sarcolemma

plasma membrane of muscle cell

transverse tubules (t tubules)

tiny invagination of sacrolemma, surface to center

sarcoplasm

cytoplasm of muscle fibers

glycogen

sustains sacroplasma

myofibrils

contractile organelles of skeletal muscles

sarcoplasmic reticulum

fluid filled system of membrane sacs that encircles myofibrils

terminal cisterns

dilated end sacs of sarcoplasmic reticulum

thin filaments

made of actin

thick filaments

made of myosin

sarcomeres

basic functional unit of myofibers

z disc

separates each sarcomere, passes through center of I band

a band

dark section of sarcomere, entire length thick filaments

i -band

light/less danse, thin filaments

h zone

center of a band, thick filaments only

m line

protein that holds filaments togather at the center, h zone

contractile proteins

generates force during contraction

regulatory protein

turns contraction process on and off

structural protein

keeps filaments a lined, property of elasticity and extensibility, connects myofibrils to the sarcolemma and extracellular matrix

tropomyosin

covers binding site when muscle is relaxed

troponin

moves tropomyosin out of the way when activated by calcium ions

titin

connects z disc to m line, spring like

a-actinin

structural protein of z disc, connects thin filaments to titin molecules

myomesin

structural protein of m line, binds titin molecules to think filaments

nebulin

wraps around each thin filament regulating its length, anchors thin filaments to z disc

dystrophin

links filaments of sarcomere to integral membrane proteins of sarcolemma, helps transmit tension by sarcomeres

slow oxidative 

large amount of myoglobin and blood capillaries, many mitochondria, aerobic respiration

fast oxidative - glycolytic

largest fibers, pinkish red, considerable ATP, moderately resistance to fatigue, high intracellular glycogen (anaerobic glycolysis)

fast glycolytic fibers

white color, low myoglobin, large amount of glycogen, ATP synthesis by glycolysis, hydrolyze ATP rapidly=quick contraction but high fatigue

glycolysis

a metabolic pathway that breaks down a glucose molecule into two pyruvate molecules, releasing energy that is stored in ATP and NADH

intercalated disc

thickening of sarcolemma connecting the ends of fibers

desmosome

holds fibers together

gap junctions

action potential to spread

visceral smooth muscle unit

skin, hollow organs

peristalsis

the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal

multiunit smooth muscle

each fiber as own motor neurons, jap junction between neighbors, large arteries, airways, arrector pili, iris, ciliary