applied phonetics exam 2

place of articulation

where the sound is formed/ produced in the vocal tract

manner of articulation

how the air is released to produce a sound

voicing

whether or not the vocal folds are vibrating

bilabial

upper lip and lower lip together

what are bilabials sounds

/p/ /b/ /m/

labiodental

lower lip and teeth together

what are labiodental sounds

/f/ /v/

interdental

tongue between the upper and lower teeth

what are interdental sounds

/ð/ /θ/

alveolar

blade of tongue is raised to the alveolar ridge

what are alveolar sounds

/s/ /z/ /t/ /d/ /n/ /l/

palatals

tip and blade of tongue are elevated to the hard palate

what are palatals sounds

/ʃ/ /tʃ/ /dʒ/ /ʒ/ /j/ /r/

velars

for sum of the tongue is raised to contact the velum

what are velars sounds

/k/ /g/ /ŋ/

labio velar

lips are rounded while the back of the tongue nearly contacts the velum

what are labio velar sounds

/w/

glottal

airway constriction at the vocal folds. vocal folds are abducted

what are glottal sounds

/h/ /ʔ/

what are obstruent consonants

airflow obstructed during their articulation

stops, fricatives, affricates

sonorant consonants

produced with little constrictions of airflow in the vocal tract

nasals, liquids, glides

plossives; oral stops

produced with a complete obstruction in the oral cavity when the velum is raised

what are oral stop sounds

/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/ /ʔ/

fricative

produce turbulence. cause friction

what are fricative sounds

/f/ /v/ /s/ /z/ /θ/ /ð/ /ʃ/ /ʒ/ /h/

affricates

combination of oral stop and fricative. oral stop is made first then released into a fricative

what are affricates sounds

/tʃ/ /dʒ/

nasal

airflow is directed through the nasal cavity due to lowered velum

what are nasal sounds

/m/ /n/ /ng/

approximates consist of

glides and liquids

what are glides sounds

/j/ /w/

what are liquid sounds

/l/ /r/

cognates

consonts differ only in voicing (voiced/ voiceless)

what are two ways to produce the /r/ sound

bunched or retroflex

most the articulator sounds are in the

oral cavity

what is the primary articulator in consonants

tongue

the vowel quadrilateral has how many monothongs

14 monothongs

what are the 5 dipthongs

/aɪ/ /oʊ/ /eɪ/ /aʊ/ /ɔɪ/

vowels are what type of sound

oral

true or false: vowels are constricted in the vocal tract

true

go organic

phonemes that share the same place of articulation

when the velum is raised sound comes from the

oral

when the velum is lower sound comes from the

nasal

what is the function of the velopharnygeal port when producing consonants

isolate air coming from the oral or nasal

Intervocalic

consonant between vowels

examples: away, about, letter

what is a diphthong

two vowels sounds that represent one phoneme

postvocalic

consonant after a vowel

Example: ash, face, itch

voiceless alvelor stop

/t/

prevocalic

consonant before a vowel

example: tea, face, though

retroflex is

tongue is curled up