7.7-7.8 AP Human Geography Vocab

Outsourcing

Contracting work to noncompany employees or other companies

Offshoring

Tertiary and quaternary sector companies move their back offices to other countries

Reshoring

Process of a company returning manufacturing or business operations back to the home country

New International Division Of Labor

Changed system of employment in the various economic sectors throughout the world

Basic Economic Activity

Actions that creates new wealth for a region

Non-Basic Economic Activity

Does not generate new money for an area

Transnational Corporations (TNCs)

Businesses that operate in many different countries

Multinational Corporations (MNCs)

Businesses that operate in many different countries

Export Processing Zones (EPZs)

Over 100 countries in the world have attracted TNC’s and MNC’s by using special manufacturing zones

Special Economic Zones (SEZs)

Designated areas within a country operating under more liberal economic laws than the rest of the nation, designated to attract foreign direct investment, boost exports, and encourage industrialization

Maquiladoras

Foreign owned manufacturing plants, located in Mexico near the border, that duty-free import raw materials to assemble, process, or manufacture goods for export back to the country of origin

Free-Trade Zones (FTZs)

Designated, secure, or fenced in areas within a country usually near international airports, seaports, or borders where goods can be loaded, handled, manufactured, or reconfigured and reexported without customs intervention or duties

Postindustrial Economy

No longer employs large numbers of people in factories but has people who provide services and processes information

Assembly Line

Item moved from worker to worker with each repeatedly performing the same task

Fordism

Use of assembly lines allowed companies to rapidly produce more standardized producers and with less skilled workers than ever before

Substitution Principle

Businesses maximize profit by substituting one factor of production for another

Post-Fordist

Remaining workers are often trained to do more than one job, so they can rotate among a few different workstations during a day, reducing the risk of injuries

Just-In-Time Delivery

System in which the inputs in the assembly process arrive at the assembly location where they are needed

Locational Interdependence

Location decision for one factory is dependent upon the location of other related factories

Agglomeration Economies

Spatial grouping of several businesses to share costs

Technopoles

Hub for information based industry and high tech manufacturing

Growth Poles (Growth Centers)

Concentrated high value industrial center often driven by technology or manufacturing that sparks regional economic development and innovation

Spin-Off Benefits (Spread Effects)

Positive economic outcomes beyond the growth pole

Backwash Effects

Negative effects on one region that result from economic growth in another region

Brownfields

Deteriorating building surrounded by weeds, marked by broken or boarded up windows, and rusting metal

Rust Belts

Deindustrialization of the northeast and lands around the Great Lakes

Corporate Parks (Business Parks)

A suburban area containing grouped, low-rise office buildings, often landscaped, located near major highways/beltway’s for car accessibility

Dexterous

Showing or having skill especially with the hands

Sustainability

Using the earth’s resources without doing permanent damage to the environment

Sustainable Development

Address problems caused by depletion of natural resources, mass consumption of goods, pollution of air and water, and the impact of climate change

Ecological Footprint

Impact on the environment

Ecotourism

Travel to a region by people who are interested in its distinctive and unusual

Sustainable Development Goal

17 interlinked global objectives established by the UN in 2015 to act as a blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all by 2030