Blob1: Tehran Conference + Percentage Deal

When was the Tehran Conference?

November-December 1943

Why was it necessary?

1. need to maintain strong alliance and win war

2. need to begin to determine how to shape post-war world

Who attended the Tehran Conference?

FDR, Churchill, Stalin

How did they agree to win the war?

1. Churchill’s proposal for an Allied invasion of the Balkans, preventing a Red Army takeover was rejected

2. Britain/USA to open up 2nd front on France in May 1944, USSR also to launch a major offensive in the East

3. USSR to enter war against Japan once Germany defeated

Decisions on Europe?

Decisions about the shape of Europe after the war was won were more vague - did not resolve ongoing tensions

Agreed to set up a United Nations organisation after the war

Agreement on Germany?

1. No agreement was made on what possible reparations Germany might have to pay at the end of the war - USSR wanted more, West wanted less

2. Stalin proposed executing 100,000 German officers so Germany could not plan another war; Churchill demanded only war criminals be put on trial

Agreement on Eastern Europe?

Churchill suspicious of Stalin’s motives and aims in Eastern Europe

2 ‘spheres of influence‘ to be set up in Europe: USSR in East, UK/USA in West - nature of the extent of such influence not defined

Part of Eastern Poland to be given to USSR - provisional idea was that post-war Poland be moved westward, so have borders along the Oder and Neisse rivers with Germany

When was the Percentage Deal?

October 1944

What was the % deal?

Moscow Conferernce - Churchill and Stalin agreed that the USSR and the UK would split up infuence over Eastern Europe

What were the terms of the % deal?

USSR: Romania (90%-10%), Bulgaria (75%-25%)

UK: Greece (90%-10%)

Hungary and Yugoslavia under 50-50 influence of UK/USSR